| 摘要: | 本研究利用四種不同紙錢紙張，於燃燒後所排放的空氣污染物特性進行採樣分析與研究，借以瞭解燃燒紙錢後所含多環芳香烴化合物(PAHs)之含量與排放係數。研究結果顯示，四種紙錢中，粒狀物濃度以紙錢3為最高(737.1 mg/m3)，其次分別為紙錢1(550.3 mg/m3)、紙錢2(528.9 mg/m3)及紙錢4(293.8 mg/m3)。在所得排放係數部分，粒狀物排放係數以紙錢3為最高(7487.52 mg/kg)，PAHs粒狀物相排放係數以紙錢1為最高(89.90 mg/kg)，PAHs氣狀物相排放係數以紙錢1為最高(84.36 mg/kg)，總BaPeq粒狀物相排放係數以紙錢1為最高(4.46 mg/kg)，總BaPeq氣狀物相排放係數以紙錢1為最高(0.81 mg/kg)。另外針對紙錢之16種PAHs排放特性來看，在排放濃度方面，其所得結果均為粒狀物的PAHs排放濃度高於氣狀物的PAHs排放濃度，其中在粒狀物態上以PA、Ant、FL、Pyr、BaA等的排放濃度較高，其分子量集中在178~228，為C14~C18之間，而氣狀物態上則是以Nap、AcPy等的排放濃度較高，其分子量集中在128~152，為C10~C12之間；而在排放係數方面其所得結果均為粒狀物的PAHs排放係數高於氣狀物的PAHs排放係數，其中粒狀物態上以PA、Ant、FL、Pyr、BaA、CHR等的排放係數較高，其分子量集中在178~228，為C14~C18之間，而氣狀物態上則是以Nap、AcPy等的排放係數較高，其分子量集中在128~152，為C10~C12之間。由此顯示碳數較低之PAHs分佈於氣狀物態上居多，而碳數居中部份則是分佈於粒狀物態上居多，針對高碳數的PAHs部份，則差異性不大。利用本研究所得之粒狀物、PAHs及總BaPeq排放係數推估台南市的年排放量，其結果佔全國年排放量13.57%；針對台南市前百大與前五大寺廟以平日香客數與初一、十五香客數所推估而得之粒狀物、PAHs與總BaPeq的年排放量進一步與全台南市之粒狀物、PAHs與總BaPeq的年排放量來比較，其前五大之寺廟不管以平日香客數推估之年排放量或是以初一、十五香客數推估之年排放量，都佔了前百大之年排放量約一半左右，而前百大寺廟中在以初一、十五香客數所推估之年排放量佔台南市年排放量34.78%為最多，顯示在節慶日時可針對前百大寺廟來加強宣導紙錢減量燒作業(尤其可優先針對前五大寺廟)，如此可有效減少紙錢燃燒後之粒狀物、PAHs與總BaPeq的污染物排放量。
This study seeks to understand the concentrations and emission factors of PAHs from burning Josh-paper by sampling and analyzing the air pollutants released from burning four types of Josh-paper.Findings of this study reveal that among the four types of Josh-paper, Type 3 released the highest concentration of granules (737.1 mg/m3), followed by Type 1 (550.3 mg/m3), Type 2(528.9 mg/m3), and Type4(293.8 mg/m3). With regard to emission factors, Type 3 topped the others in the emission factor of granules (7487.52 mg/kg) while Type 1 had the highest emission factors of both granular and gaseous PAHs (89.90 mg/kg and 84.36 mg/kg). Type 1 also had the highest emission factors of total granular phase and gaseous phase BaPeq(4.46 mg/kg and 0.81 mg/kg).The four types of Josh-paper were further examined regarding characteristics associated with the emission of 16 types of PAHs.With respect to concentration in emission, collected data reveals that all the granular PAHs were emitted in higher concentrations than their gaseous counterparts. Among the former, PA, Ant, FL, Pyr and BaA were emitted in higher concentrations, with molecular masses concentrating in the range of 178~228 and containing C14~C18. Among the latter, Nap and AcPy were emitted inhigher concentrations, with molecular masses concentrating in the range of 128~152 and containing C10~C12. In the aspect of emission factor, collected data reveals that all the granular PAHs were emitted in higher concentrations than their gaseous counterparts. Among the former, PA, Ant, FL, Pyr, BaA and CHR were emitted in higher concentrations, with molecular masses concentrating in the range of 178~228 and containing C14~C18. Among the latter, Nap and AcPy were emitted inhigher concentrations, with molecular masses concentrating in the range of 128~152 and containing C10~C12. These results show that PAHs with smaller number of carbon atoms are mostly in the gaseous state while those with moderate numbers of carbon atoms are mostly in the granular state.Such distinction is not see in PAHs with large numbers of carbon atoms.The obtained emission factors of granules and PAHs and total BaPeq were applied to the calculation of the annual emission level in Tainan City and the result shows that it accounts for 13.57% of the national emission level. Then, a further comparison was made between the estimated annual emission levels of granules, PAHs and total BaPeq based on the numbers of pilgrims on a daily basis and on the first and fifteenth days of lunar calendar months in Top 100 and Top 5 temples in Tainan and those same emission levels in the entire Tainan City. The estimated annual emission level based on the numbers of pilgrims either on a daily basis or on the first and fifteenth days of lunar calendar months in Top 5 temples accounts for about half of the annual emission level in Top 100 temples. And the estimated annual emission level in Top 100 temples based on the numbers of their pilgrims on first and fifteenth days of lunar calendar months accounts for 34.78% of the annual emission level in Tainan City, the highest percentage. This means that it is desirable to enhance education for Top 100 (especially for Top 5 as priority) on reduction in burning paper money, thereby effectively reducing the emission levels of pollutants including granules, PAHs and total BaPeq. |
