台灣地區為預測湖泊水庫等水源地發生優養化導致自來水中三鹵甲烷等致癌物濃度升高，因此每年或每季定時定點採集水源地水樣監測總磷(TP)或正磷酸鹽(PO43－)含量變化。至於河川及近岸海域只監測水域水質之總磷(TP)量變化，對於會不斷釋出或吸附累積磷之湖泊、水庫、河川及近岸海域之底泥中總磷量則並未有調查資料，更遑論底泥中以各種鍵結態形式存在之磷含量調查數據。因此本研究針對南部遭受嚴重工業、農業及家庭廢水污染之三條河川(二仁溪、三爺宮溪、及鹽水溪)底泥，進行各種鍵結態磷含量調查，探討底泥深度、底泥中碳酸鹽、有機物、鐵氧化物及錳氧化物含量變化對各種鍵結態磷含量之影響，期望建立本土性之底泥中各種鍵結態磷在環境中之流佈宿命，藉此預測水域發生優養化之機率。底泥中磷含量乃依SEDEX法(sedimentary extraction)分成五種鍵結型態磷: 可交換態磷(Exchangeable or loosely sorbed P)(F1)、與鐵氧化物鍵結態磷(Fe-bound P)(F2)、自生性磷灰石+碳酸鈣鍵結磷+生物性磷灰石(Authigenic apatite plus CaCO3-bound P plus biogenic apatite)(F3)、母岩碎屑中磷灰石+其他無機磷(Detrital apatite plus other inorganic P)(F4)、及有機態磷(Organic P)(F5)。底泥中五種鍵結態磷分佈百分比最高為自生性磷灰石+碳酸鈣鍵結磷+生物性的磷灰石含量(F3)，其在二仁溪底泥中約佔76%>鹽水溪底泥中佔61%>三爺宮溪底泥中佔40%。與鐵氧化物鍵結態磷(F2)分佈百分比最低，主要受河川地質環境之鐵含量影響，三條河川流域之地質皆屬相類似之鐵含量，故底泥中F2含量約1.7至3%。二仁溪、三爺宮溪、鹽水溪底泥中各鍵結態磷含量應用Pearson 相關性矩陣分析，探討發現存在於F3(自生性磷灰石+碳酸鈣鍵結磷+生物性磷灰石)磷及有機態磷，與底泥中有機物及鐵氧化物及錳氧化物含量呈明顯正相關。二仁溪、三爺宮溪、及鹽水溪底泥中各鍵結態磷量與各種地質化學含量因子可應用主成份分析法簡化成2個主要影響因子，解釋度可達65%、67%、及57%。 The monitoring of total phosphorus (TP) and orthophosphate (PO43-) concentration is not enough to assess the eutrophication tendency of water quality in lakes, reservoirs, streams, and coastal area. The fractionation of phosphorus speciation on solid sediment particles was used to predict the release of phosphorus speciation into aqueous solution by environmental parameters. To predict the increase of carcinogenic haloform concentration in tap water, the TP and PO43- concentration was monitored in reservoirs per season or year in Taiwan. The TP concentration and distribution of fractionated phosphorus (P) on sediment of lakes, reservoirs, streams, and coastal area did not investigate yet in Taiwan. The phosphorus fractionations in sediments was separated with chemical sequential extraction scheme (SEDEX) into exchangeable or loosely sorbed P (F1), Fe-bound P (F2), authigenic apatite plus CaCO3-bound P plus biogenic apatite (F3), detrital apatite plus other inorganic P (F4) and organic P (F5). The percentages of authigenic apatite plus CaCO3-bound P plus biogenic apatite fraction (F3) were 76, 61, and 40% among total phosphorus of Ell-ren, Yan-shuei¸ and San Yen korn river sediments.The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to find the correlation coefficient among factors which affect the release of phosphorus speciation. Phosphorus bound to F3 and F5 have positive significant changes with organic matters, iron oxides and manganese oxides contents at Ell-ren Yan-shuei¸ and San Yen korn river sediment with correlation coefficient r above 0.56. The factor analysis with principal components methods was applied to reduce the parameters into two major factors which could be used to explain 65%、67%and 57% of the migration of phosphorus speciation among sediment fractions and solid-liquid interface.
