| 摘要: | 背景：結直腸癌為罹癌人數最多的癌症，平均每42分鐘就有一人罹患結直腸癌，糞便潛血篩檢（Fecal Occult Blood Testing, FOBT）可以有效降低結直腸癌的發生率及死亡率，然而目前糞便潛血篩檢的使用率仍依舊偏低，如能瞭解影響糞便潛血篩檢使用意願之相關因素，則能有效改善與控制結直腸癌。
目的：本研究旨在調查50-74歲社區民眾參與糞便潛血篩檢之意圖，並利用計畫行為理論（Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB）探討影響其意圖之相關因素。
方法：本研究採用橫斷性研究進行，以高雄市前金區居民為研究對象，施行結構式問卷調查，資料收集從2011年11月1日至2012年2月28日止，共發出問卷270份，回收262份，其中有效問卷256份，有效回收率為94.8%，所得資料以SPSS統計軟體整理並進行統計分析。
結果：研究對象過去曾參與糞便潛血篩檢者為65.2%，未來半年內有意圖參與糞便潛血篩檢者為80.5%，而未來兩年內願意參與糞便潛血篩檢者為83.6%。態度與行為態度有顯著正相關（r =0.838, p<0.001）。女性、學歷較高者、家戶所得較高者、有聽過糞便潛血篩檢者、定期使用成人健檢者以及定期使用FOBT者，參與糞便潛血篩檢的行為意圖較高。在控制社會人口學變項之後，計畫行為理論相關因素對於參與糞便潛血篩檢行為意圖的預測模式分析發現，主觀規範是最重要的預測變項（β=0.549, p<0.001），其次為知覺行為控制（β=0.262, p<0.001），與行為態度（β=0.187, p<0.001），模式中三個變項對參與糞便潛血篩檢行為意圖的解釋能力為65.6%。
結論與建議：社區民眾參與結直腸癌糞便篩檢行為意圖主要是受到「行為態度」、「知覺行為控制」及「主觀規範」的影響，其中「主觀規範」對「行為意圖」的影響力大於「知覺行為控制」與「行為態度」的影響力。因此為促進癌症的第二階段預防手段-篩檢，若能藉由社區之醫事人員或癌症協會團體的專業性建議以及家人的鼓勵，則社區民眾遵從其結直腸癌糞便篩檢健康行為的意圖亦將隨之提高。
Background: The colorectal cancer is the most popular cancer, with an average every 42 minutes, a person suffering from colorectal cancer. Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT) can reduce the incidence and the mortality of colorectal cancer. However, the use of Fecal Occult Blood Testing still remained low. To exam and understand the behavioral intention and its relevant factors of Fecal Occult Blood Testing can effectively improve the control of colorectal cancer.
Objective: This study aimed at investigating the behavioral intention of 50-74 year-old community residents to participate in Fecal Occult Blood Testing, and using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore relevant factors that affect their intentions.
Methods: Residents of the Chienci District in Kaohsiung City were recruited in this cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire survey was implemented and data were collected from November 1, 2011 to February 28, 2012. 270 questionnaires were distributed and 262 returned of which 256 questionnaires were valid. A total valid response rate was 94.8%. Data was recorded and analyzed by the SPSS statistical software.
Results: 65.2% of subjects participated in this study did use the Fecal Occult Blood Testing. 80.5% of residents had intentions to do Testing in the next six months, and 83.6% had behavioral intentions in the next two years. Attitude and behavior attitude had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.838, p <0.001). Women, residents with higher education, higher household income, having heard of fecal occult blood testing, with regular physical examinations and regularly using Fecal Occult Blood Testing had higher behavioral intentions. Under the control of social demographic variables, results found that subjective norm is the most important predictor variable (β = 0.549, p <0.001), followed by perceived behavioral control (β = 0.262, p <0.001), and behavioral attitude (β = 0.187, p <0.001) in the predicting model, three variables of the theory of planned behavior can explain 65.6% of variances of the intention of participating in Fecal Occult Blood Testing.
Conclusions and Recommendations: Intentions of community residents to participate in Fecal Occult Blood Testing are influenced by behavioral attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm, of which subjective norm has the greatest influence on intentions. Screening is an effective preventive method to promote health. A preventive program by health professionals or staffs of cancer associations, and encouragements of the family can help the community residents to comply with the behavior of Fecal Occult Blood Testing. |
