| 摘要: | 中文摘要目的：規律性運動為老年人維持身心健康不能缺少的要素。了解老年人從事規律運動之預測因素，有助於擬定促進老年人從事運動之介入措施。本研究旨在探討運動自我效能、運動自我調節與運動結果預期等社會認知構念對於老年人規律性運動之影響。方法：以結構式問卷個別訪談高雄市路竹區之65歲以上260位老年人。問卷包括運動自我效能運動、自我調節與運動結果預期等量表。研究資料以SPSS Windows 17.0套裝軟體進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定以及邏輯斯迴歸分析。結果：研究對象有46.2%的老人目前有從事規律運動行為。從事規律性運動之老年人之運動自我效能、運動自我調節與運動結果預期價值之平均得分為61.36、76.74與127.32，分別顯著高於無從事規律性運動之老年人之運動自我效能、運動自我調節與運動結果預期價值之平均得分，25.24、54.97與54.44 (p<.001)。老年人特性邏輯斯迴歸分析結果顯示，老年人有穩定的退休金收入、住家附近有運動場所設施以及有家屬或同住者會鼓勵運動，則較可能從事規律性運動。然而再加入三個社會認知構念之邏輯斯迴歸分析結果顯示，與從事規律性運動有正向顯著關聯的只有運動自我效能(勝算比：1.104 , p<.001)與運動結果預期價值(勝算比：1.033 , p<.05)。結論：老年人運動自我效能與運動結果預期價值愈高，則從事規律性運動的可能性愈高。故促進老年人運動自我效能與運動結果預期價之介入措施是提升老年人從事規律運動的必要策略。
Abstract
PURPOSE: Regular exercise is an essential component for maintaining the health and well-being of old adults. Understanding old adult’s predictive factors as to engaging in exercise helps to structure physical activity interventions that motivate them to initiate and adhere to regular exercise. The purpose of study was to examine the effects of social-cognitive theory (SCT) variables－exercise self-efficacy, exercise self-regulation and exercise-outcome expectancy value on doing regular exercise among old adults. METHODS: The participants were 260 adults over of 65 years of age who lived in the Lujhu area in Kaohsiung city were eligible and agreed to participate in this study. Data was collected through questionnaires, by face-to-face, and private interviews. The questionnaire consisted of three subscales measuring exercise self-efficacy, and exercise self-regulation and exercise-outcome expectancy value. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 17.0 program, which was used for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Approximately 46.2% of participants were doing regular exercise. Regular exercisers’ exercise self-efficacy mean score was 61.36, exercise self-regulation 76.74, and exercise-outcome expectancy value 127.32; non-regular exercisers’ mean score were 25.24, 54.97, and 54.44 respectively. Regular exercisers were significantly higher than non-regular exercisers on all three SCT variables (p<.001). In a participant characteristics’ model revealed that regular exercise was associated with having retirement pension, exercise facilities in the neighborhood and encouragement to exercise by family members or household members (p<.05); when three SCT variables were accounted for in a simultaneous model, however, only exercise self-efficacy (odds ratio: 1.104, p<.001) and exercise-outcome expectancy value (odds ratio: 1.033, p<.05) independently associated with regular exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These results support exercise self-efficacy and exercise-outcome expectancy value in predicting older adults’ regular exercise. Thus, exercise interventions targeting older adults should include components aimed at increasing the use of exercise self-efficacy and exercise-outcome expectancy value strategies.
Key Words: regular exercise, exercise self efficacy, exercise self regulation, exercise-outcome expectancy value |
