| 摘要: | 本研究採用臺灣市售、泰國市售、實驗室自製等三種不同拜香，比較各類拜香中丁香酚類的濃度，與不同條件下，在控制燃燒箱中燃燒，採集PM2.5拜香燃煙，測定其丁香酚類之物種排放係數，並利用丁香酚類的標準溶液驗證其光化機制特性變異。結果顯示各類原始拜香香粉中皆以vanillin平均濃度最高，介於246.1~410.0 g g-1-powder之間，為香味主要來源之一，eugenol acetate的平均濃度最低，介於8.80~36.74 g g-1-powder之間。其中泰國市售原始拜香香粉中致過敏性的eugenol, trans-isoeugenol平均濃度明顯高於臺灣市售拜香。
在燃燒即收的操作條件下，拜香燃煙生成的cis-isoeugenol, cis-methyl isoeugenol在原始拜香香粉中並不存在，是燃燒拜香後生成。泰國市售拜香以燃燒即收的操作條件下，拜香燃煙的平均微粒質量排放係數最低，為15.00±4.06 mg g-1-incense。然而，照光或暗室的操作條件下，拜香燃煙以實驗室自製拜香平均微粒質量排放係數最高，分別為16.07±4.53及15.72±2.75 mg g-1-incense。各類拜香在不同操作條件下拜香燃煙物種排放係數，均以trans-methyl isoeugenol最高，燃燒即收介於89.1~531.1 g g-1-incense之間，照光介於46.2~388.7 g g-1-incense之間，暗室介於64.3~376.0 g g-1-incense之間。拜香燃煙物種排放係數第二高為vanillin，燃燒即收介於110.9~275.5 g g-1-incense之間，照光介於60.1~175.7 g g-1-incense之間，暗室介於65.8~191.3 g g-1-incense之間。然而，微粒質量排放係數最低為cis-methyl isoeugenoly，燃燒即收介於0.47~12.01 g g-1-incense之間，照光介於0.37~4.62 g g-1-incense之間，暗室介於0.47~5.73 g g-1-incense之間。各類拜香的丁香酚類物種在總碳中，所佔的百分比介於3.71~12.82 %之間。各類拜香的總碳在微粒質量中，所佔的百分比介於24.13~72.14 %之間。致過敏性的eugenol和trans-isoeugenol，在照光與燃燒即收的平均比值分別為0.47, 0.44，在暗室與燃燒即收的平均比值分別為0.59, 0.65，發現共同的趨勢為照光與燃燒即收比值較暗室與燃燒即收比值為低，顯示eugenol和trans-isoeugenol在照光後其致過敏性的風險較低。
This study examined one incense sold commercially in Taiwan, one sold in Thailand, and one made in a laboratory to compare the concentration of eugenol substanc in the three different types. The PM2.5 incense smoke was collected by burning the various types of incense under different conditions in a controlled combustion chamber. The substance emission factor of eugenol substanc was thus measured and the change in the characteristics of the photochemical mechanism was tested with standard eugenol substanc solution. The results showed that vanillin had the highest average rate of concentration (246.1~410.0 g g-1-powder) of all the original incense powders. Vanillin is one of the major sources for the incense fragrance. Eugenol acetate had the lowest average rate of concentration, ranging from 8.80 to 36.74 g g-1-powder. Among the different incenses, the average concentration of the trans-isoeugenol form of eugenol, which can cause allergic reaction, in the incense powder of the Thai incense was significantly higher than that found in the Taiwanese incense.
Under the condition in which smoke was collected immediately upon burning, cis-isoeugenol was found to have been generated. cis-Methyl isoeugenol, which did not exist in the original incense powder, was a by-product of burning the incense. The Thai incense had the lowest average mass emission factor for fine particles at 15.00±4.06 mg g-1-incense. Conversely, under the dark room condition or the illuminated condition, the laboratory-made incense had the highest average mass emission factors for fine particles at 15.72±2.75 and 16.07±4.53 mg g-1-incense, respectively. Under the various conditions, trans-methyl isoeugenol had the highest emission factor for all three incense types. The emission factor values recorded when the smoke was collected immediately upon burning, when the burning occurred under illumination, and when the burning was done in a dark room were 89.1~531.1 g g-1-incense, 46.2~388.7 g g-1-incense, and 64.3~376.0 g g-1-incense, respectively. The second highest emission factor for a by-product of the burning was vanillin. Its factors values under the immediate smoke collection, illumination, and dark room conditions were 110.9~275.5 g g-1-incense, 60.1~175.7 g g-1-incense, and 65.8~191.3 g g-1-incense, respectively. Nevertheless, the lowest mass emission factor for a fine particle was for cis-methyl isoeugenol. Its factor values under the immediate smoke collection, illumination, and dark room conditions were 0.47~12.01 g g-1-incense, 0.37~4.62 g g-1-incense, and 0.47~5.73 g g-1-incense, respectively. The eugenol substances of all the three incenses accounted for 3.71~12.82 % of the total carbon. The total carbon of all three kinds of incense from fine particle forms ranged from 24.13 to 72.14 %. The allergens, eugenol and trans-isoeugenol, had an average ratio of 0.47 and 0.44 under the conditions of illumination and immediate smoke collection upon burning, respectively. Their average ratio under the dark room and immediate smoke collection conditions were 0.59 and 0.65, respectively. One result that was found in common was that the ratios for the illumination and immediate smoke collection conditions were lower than those for the dark room and immediate smoke collection conditions. This finding indicates that eugenol and trans-isoeugenol are less likely to cause allergic reaction after illumination. |
