| 摘要: | 本研究為實廠之薄膜生物反應系統，針對於實廠製藥廢水處理進行研究，進流水利用高濃度之實驗室有機廢液，添加生活雜排水控制進流水 COD濃度範圍，藉以探討系統於不同濃度之水質處理效果，耐突增負荷能力以及處理製藥實廠廢水適用性。
研究期間採不排泥方式進行，實際水力停留時間為74小時(間歇操作)，經監測結果得知，實廠進流水之COD總平均濃度為1917 mg/L，整體去除效果可達96.8 %；另外，此研究中之實廠COD濃度最高介於4503 ~ 4551 mg/L，其去除效果亦達97.9 %以上，其放流水亦能符合藥品製造業放流標準(COD<100 mg/L)。
系統之活性污泥1~3槽之MLVSS/MLSS平均介於為0.42 ~ 0.47，薄膜生物槽(MBR)MLVSS/MLSS平均為0.55；活性污泥1~3槽之食微比依序為0.38 ± 0.16 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day、0.07 ± 0.06 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day、0.03 ± 0.06 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day、薄膜生物槽(MBR)為0.03 ± 0.02 kg - COD/kg-MLVSS-day，系統總平均為0.13 ± 0.18 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day；各項數值雖低於活性污泥操作範圍，惟本系統處理效率仍可達96.8%以上，顯示本系統內之優勢菌群及設計方式，可適應實廠製藥廢水處理之操作需求。
COD體積負荷方面，活性污泥-1槽為0.52 ± 0.33 kg-COD/m3-day、活性污泥-2槽為0.10 ± 0.10 kg-COD/m3-day、活性污泥-3槽為0.10 ± 0.10 kg- COD/m3-day、薄膜生物槽(MBR)為0.06 ± 0.06 kg-COD/m3-day；系統總體積負荷為0.18 ± 0.27 kg-COD/m3-day。由此可知，若未來提昇更高濃度之進流水時，其系統體容積負荷仍可因應。
實廠廢水之污染物質監測，對進流及放流水中進行檢測；進流水進行六項污染物分析，其檢測出有三項微量化合物質殘留，磺脲類降血糖藥物-Glimepiride(23.77 ng/ml)，奎諾酮類抗生素藥物-Levofloxacin(0.83 ng/ml)，他汀類降血脂藥物-Fluvastatin(1.47 ng/ml)，未偵測出殘留共有三項，包含巨環類抗生素-Clarithromycin、非典型抗精神病藥物-Olanzapine、非類固醇消炎劑(NSAID)-Ketorolac，另於放流水進行檢測，上述六項污染物皆無偵測出，顯示此三項製藥廢水之污染物經系統處理後可達完全去除。
本研究持續監測共計120天，系統進流水由低濃度到高濃度過程中，出流水質皆相當穩定。由結果得知，本實廠薄膜生物反應系統對於製藥實廠廢水水質之改善，具有極佳之處理功效。
In this study, a full scale membrane bioreactor installed in a pharmaceutical plant was evaluated for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment; the feedwater in this study consisted of high concentrated laboratory organic wastewater and greywater. Feedwater COD was controlled by adding greywater into high concentrated solvent liquid from laboratory. The main goal of this study is to examine the performance of the full scale MBR system for treating real pharmaceutical wastewater, especially for the shock loading of wastewater strength.
This study was operated with zero sludge discharge and the hydraulic retention time was 74 hours. The average COD strength in feedwater was 1917 mg/L, where the overall COD removal was 96.8%. In addition, the highest COD strength was about 4503 to 4551 mg/L, where the COD removal was 97.6 %. The effluent met the requirement of effluent standard in Taiwan for the pharmaceutical industries (COD < 100 mg/L).
MLVSS/MLSS of activated sludge tanks 1~3 had an average of 0.42 ~ 0.74; MLVSS/MLSS of the MBR had an average of 0.55 For the F/M value, activated sludge tanks 1~3 were 0.38 � 0.16 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day,
0.07 � 0.06 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day, 0.03 � 0.06 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day, respectively; the MBR was 0.03 � 0.02 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day.
The total F/M average of the system was 0.13 � 0.18 kg-COD/kg-MLVSS-day. Although the values were lower than that of activated sludge process, the system achieved efficiency higher than 96.8 %. The results obtained from this study indicated the MBR system was well designd and proved the dominant microorganisms for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
For the COD volumetric loading, activated sludge tank 1 was 0.52 � 0.33 kg-COD/m3-day, tank 2 was 0.10 � 0.10 kg-COD/m3-day, tank 3 was 0.10 � 0.10 kg-COD/m3-day, and the (MBR) tank was 0.06 � 0.06 kg-COD/m3-day. The overall volumetric loading was 0.18 � 0.27 kg-COD/m3-day. The result indicates the system has the capacity for higher strength feedwater in the future.
6 specific pharmaceutical pollutants in feedwater and the effluent were examined. Small traces of 3 pollutants were found in the influent, which were Glimepiride (23.77 ng/ml), Levofloxacin (0.83 ng/ml) and Fluvastatin (1.47 ng/ml); the other 3 pharmaceuticals, Clarithromycin, Olanzapine and Ketorolac, were not detected. However, all of them were not detected in the effluent, which demonstrated that a complete removal of these 6 pharmaceuticals was achieved by the MBR system.
The system was monitored for a period of 120 days. With various COD strengths in the feedwater, the system was able to present a consistent performance. This study finally concluded that the MBR system was an excellent solution for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment as well as for specific pharmaceutical removal. |
