| 摘要: | 台灣藜（Chenopodium formosanum Koidz）為台灣特有植物，含高量優質的機能性成分，主要以酚類、甜菜色素及膳食纖維為主，因此堪稱「穀物中的紅寶石」。本試驗以台灣藜為材料，經水和乙醇萃取後，所製成脫殼及未脫殼的台灣藜之萃取物，並進行抗致突變性及抗氧化分析試驗。結果顯示台灣藜水萃取物（0.016~2 mg/plate）、50％乙醇萃取物（0.01~1.25 mg/plate）、75％乙醇萃取物（0.01~1.25 mg/plate）及95％乙醇萃取物（0.01~0.25 mg/plate）對Salmonella typhimurium TA98和TA100菌株不具毒性及致突變性。在抗致突變性試驗中，未脫殼台灣藜水及乙醇萃取物對直接型致突變劑4-nitroquinoline l-oxide之抗致突變率分別為16.80~42.91％（TA98）和27.87~43.33％（TA100）；脫殼台灣藜之抗致突變率則介於9.80~27.26％（TA98）和8.39~41.43％（TA100）之間。未脫殼台灣藜水萃取物對間接型致突變劑2-aminoanthracene之抗致突變率為41.58~24.66％（TA98）與61.15~69.76％（TA100）；50％~95％乙醇萃取物對間接型致突變劑2-aminoanthracene之抗致突變率介於65.28~91.83％（TA98）與75.07~91.52％（TA100）；脫殼台灣藜水及乙醇萃取物對2-aminoanthracene之抗致突變率介於7.55~73.29％（TA98）與14.55~85.18％（TA100）。在抗氧化方面，未脫殼台灣藜之總酚類含量以50％乙醇萃取物（532.42±0.94 mg of GAE/g）和75％乙醇萃取物（520.74±15.59 mg of GAE/g）兩者為最高；脫殼台灣藜以50％乙醇萃取物（549.39±26.81 mg of GAE/g）為最高。而類黃酮含量以未脫殼台灣藜95％乙醇萃取物為最高，脫殼部分以50％乙醇萃取物為最高。在總抗氧化力顯示脫殼及未脫殼之台灣藜，水（4.08mM of trolox）和50％乙醇萃取物（4.05mM of trolox）明顯高於95％乙醇萃取物；而螯合亞鐵離子之測定亦有相同趨勢。在清除DPPH自由基方面，未脫殼台灣藜以50％和75％乙醇萃取物則具有清除能力，其EC50（Effective concentration 50）值為0.18±0.01和0.21±0.04 mg/ml；而脫殼台灣藜則以50％乙醇萃取物（0.25±0.01 mg/ml）清除效果為最佳。針對還原力之測定，EC50值以未脫殼台灣藜75％乙醇（1.10±0.02 mg/ml）與50％乙醇（1.14±0.04 mg/ml）萃取物最低；脫殼部分則以水（0.97±0.16 mg/ml）及50％乙醇（0.90±0.08 mg/ml）萃取物最低。綜合結果，脫殼及未脫殼台灣藜之乙醇萃取物對TA98及TA100皆不具致突變性，而乙醇萃取物在0.01 mg/plate濃度對於間接型致突變劑之抑制能力均在60％以上，且濃度愈高，萃取物之抗致突變能力愈強。在抗氧化上，也呈現相同趨勢。因此，台灣藜為安全性食品且具有較高的抗氧化活性及抗致突變性，希望有助於台灣藜相關機能性產品之發展。
Chenopodium formosanum Koidz was a native cereal plant in Taiwan, rich in high quality functional compounds, contain phenols, betalain and dietary fiber. The whole plant is colorful and traditionally called “ruby of cereals” for its bright red grain color. The study was investigated the antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz water and ethanolic extract by several antioxidant activity determinated methods and Ames test. Results indicate that microbial toxicity and mutagenicity assay (Ames test) showed that all the extracts (0.016~2 mg/plate of water, 0.01~1.25 mg/plate of 50%ethanolic, 0.01~1.25 mg/plate of 75% ethanolic and 0.01~0.25 mg/plate of 95% ethanolic), with or without rat liver enzyme mixture (S9),had no toxicity and mutagenicity effect toward all tester strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100). Antimutagenic test of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz water and ethanolic extract showed inhibition effect toward TA98 against 4-NQO (the inhibition was 16.80~42.91%) and toward TA100 (the inhibition was 27.87~43.33%) against 4-NQO；unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz water and ethanolic extract showed inhibition effect toward TA98 against 4-NQO (the inhibition was 9.80~27.26%) and toward TA100 (the inhibition was 8.39~41.43%) against 4-NQO.but water extract has lower exhibition effect toward TA98 (the inhibition was 41.58~24.66%) against 2-aminoanthracene and toward TA100 (the inhibition was 61.15~69.76%) against 2-aminoanthracene, respectively.50-95% ethanolic extract showed the strongest inhibition effect toward TA98 against 2-aminoanthracene (the inhibition was 65.28~91.83%) and toward TA100 (the inhibition was 75.07~91.52%) against 2-aminoanthracene, respectively. unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz water and ethanolic extract showed inhibition effect toward TA98 against 2-aminoanthracene (the inhibition was 7.55~73.29%) and toward TA100 (the inhibition was 14.55~85.18%) against 2-aminoanthracene. On antioxidant activity, results indicated that the 50% and 75% ethanolic extract showed a high total antioxidant capacity (532.42±0.94 and 520.74±15.59 mg of GAE/g) with total phenols method；unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz results indicated that the 50% ethanolic extract showed a high total antioxidant capacity (549.39±26.81 mg of GAE/g) with total phenols method. And 95% ethanolic extract showed a high total antioxidant capacity with total flavonoid method；unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz. results indicated that the 50% ethanolic extract showed a high total antioxidant capacity with total flavonoid method.The TEAC of water and 50% ethanolic extract of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz and unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz were highest,and values were 4.08 and 4.05 mM of trolox, respectively.water and 50% ethanolic extract of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz weres showed effective chelating abilities on ferrous ions. Chenopodium formosanum Koidz results of DPPH scavenging capability: for 50% ethanolic and 75% ethanolic extracts were the highest scavenging rate ,with effective concentration 50 value were 0.18±0.01 mg/ml and 0.21±0.04 mg/ml, respectively；unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz results of DPPH scavenging capability: for 50% ethanolic extracts were the highest scavenging rate ,with effective concentration 50 value were 0.25±0.01 mg/ml. Chenopodium formosanum Koidz results of Reducing power : for 75% ethanolic and 50% ethanolic extracts were the lowest of effective concentration 50 value were 1.10±0.02 mg/ml and 1.14±0.04 mg/ml, respectively；unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz results of Reducing power : for water and 50% ethanolic extracts were the lowest of effective concentration 50 value were 0.97±0.16 mg/ml and 0.90±0.08 mg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, mutagenic test showed the Chenopodium formosanum Koidz and unhusked Chenopodium formosanum Koidz ethanolic extract had no mutagenicity effect toward all tester strains(Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100). However, the ethanolic extract at concentration of 0.01 mg/plate was indirect in antimutagenicity on TA98 and TA100,the highest capability of antimutagenicity was about 60% inhibition toward TA98 and TA100.Results showed that ethanolic extract of Chenopodium formosanum Koidz had the strongest antioxidant capacity and antimutagenicity as well as and in a dose-dependent manner. At last, this study reveals that Chenopodium formosanum Koidz has the potential of relative functional-food industry because Chenopodium formosanum Koidz is safe and has antioxidative capability. |
