| 摘要: | 基於一次性產品造成資源消耗及廢棄物產生的問題，本研究以生命週期評估方法，探討生物可分解塑膠-聚乳酸(Polylactic Acid, PLA)與傳統塑膠之環境效益及產品材料替代策略之環境價值。其環境議題分別包括能源消耗、溫室氣體及其他環境衝擊議題之生命週期評估。其研究結果主要包含兩部份：第一部份，聚乳酸與傳統塑膠之生命週期評估之差異；第二部份，探討一次性產品之碳足跡，並以綠色設計思維與TRIZ創新原理，研究聚乳酸應用之產品環境效益。其研究結果包含如下：
1. 聚乳酸原料生產系統之生命週期評估，能源消耗以PLANG較優(45.5 MJ)，次為PLA2006(57.8 MJ)；溫室效應以PLANG(-0.78 KgCO2-eq.)較為優勢，其次為PLA2006(0.09 KgCO2-eq.)。
2. 聚乳酸應用於寶特瓶之生命週期評估，其能源消耗值為 1160 MJ，比傳統塑膠PET(1820 MJ)、HDPE(1340 MJ)、PP(1250 MJ)，較低；溫室效應PLA值49.4 KgCO2-eq.，仍低於傳統塑膠。
3. 水族過濾資材綠色設計分析，應用產品生命週期之碳足跡評估，其PLA原料替代及焚化處理情境可降低0.189 Kg CO2-eq.，約減少了5.32%。
4. 一次性尿布經聚乳酸材料替代，每包尿布改善前後之差異，可減少0.861~1.73Kg CO2-eq.，減量比例分別約為19.4%。
5. 用完即丟原子筆溫室氣體排放約0.049KgCO2-eq.，筆芯替換式 0.064 KgCO2-eq.，產品創新設計後以PLA作為原料替代，其值為NDP-PLA 0.029Kg CO2eq.。
This study is based on the resource consumption of disposable products and the problem of waste generation. The methods of life cycle assessment and green design were applied to the biodegradable plastic that used Polylactic acid (PLA) as the raw materials. The result indicated the environmental benefit of raw material and better life cycle assessment of PLA plastic compared with convetional plastic in Taiwan, and the environmental benefits of PLA as a part of green design and TRIZ methods to get the disposable products. The main results are as follows:
1. Life cycle assessment of PLA material production system, the energy consumption of PLANG was 45.5 MJ, PLA2006 was 57.8MJ, greenhouse gas impact of PLANG was -0.78 KgCO2-eq..
2. The life cycle assessment of its energy consumption of one thousand bottle the used PLA, conventional plastic PET,HDPE, and PP were 1160 MJ, PET 1820 MJ, HDPE 1340 MJ, PP 1250 MJ, respectively. PLA produced greenhouse gas compared with less than conventional plastic.
3. In case of the green design of PET fiber and Application product carbon footprint assessment, the PLA material substituted and incinerated, reduced 1.89E-01 Kg CO2-eq. that was equal about 5.32%.
4. PLA substitution material of disposable nappies, the greenhouse gases reduction effect are with 0.861~ 1.73 Kg CO2-eq. and reduction ratio are about 19.4%, respectively.
5. For disposable pen, greenhouse gas emissions was about 0.049KgCO2-eq., and for re-use pen was 0.064 KgCO2-eq., The Product innovation after the PLA was used as an alternative raw material, its value is NDP-PLA 0.029Kg CO2eq.. |
