| 摘要: | 本研究主要探討南部地區（台南市、高雄市）大氣污染物及氣象因子影響能見度之相關性，主要以2000 - 2010 年間之氣象因子(氣壓、溫度、風速等)及空品因子參數（SO2、CO、O3、NOX、PM10 及 PM2.5等）。藉由主成分因子分析（Principal Component Analysis，PCA）及高斯軌跡模式探討與多元線性迴歸統計分析，建立台南地區及高雄地區之能見度與其影響因子之關係，探討南部地區之能見度與其影響因子之變異關係，於觀測時間內取平均得到能見度篩選較好之季節，尤以夏季(為最好，秋、冬季則反之，在7月份時台南地區平均能見度為11.8公里，而在高雄地區則為9.1公里，平均差為2.7公里，其兩地能見度下降主要因當地空氣品質有關，此外，由PCA之解析可發現，能見度與道路交通污染排放有顯著關係，而各地空氣品質除受上述污染影響外，固定污染源工業之硫氧化物排放有關。由PM10分級指標中發現低能見度發生，但除PM10呈現高濃度外，空氣污染物NOX 亦呈現最高濃度，氣象因子如大氣壓力與溫度則分別呈現高氣壓與溫度低。由經驗模式推估發現PM2.5 以ln[PM2.5]為參數可展現對能見度變異有最大影響性，在案例分析一，利用高斯軌跡模式探討長程傳輸對南部空品貢獻量，在污染物影響前中後過程，清楚顯示污染來源貢獻主要為高空沉降與上風邊界濃度，而前、後期均屬於本土固定及移動性污染源所影響，在案例二中則是選擇了當地污染來源貢獻，主要以點源及線源為主，另選擇在高能見度情況之下探討貢獻來源以點源及線源為主。
This study focused on southern (Tainan City, Kaohsiung) air pollutants and meteorological factors affecting the visibility of the correlation, mainly 2000 - 2010 years of meteorological factors and air products factor parameters (SO2, CO, O3, NOX, PM10 and PM2.5). By principal component factor analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) and Gaussian trajectory models of multiple linear regression analysis with the establishment of Tainan and Kaohsiung areas of visibility and its impact factor of the relationship of the southern region of visibility and its impact factor relationship between variation in the average observation time taken to get better visibility screening of the season, especially in summer for the best, autumn, winter the other hand, when the Tainan area in July, the average visibility is 11.8 kilometers, while in the Kaohsiung area was 9.1 km, mean 2.7 km, mainly due to the two reduced visibility on local air quality, in addition, the resolution can be found by the PCA , visibility and road traffic emissions have a significant relationship, in addition to local air quality by the pollution, the industrial stationary sources of sulfur oxide emissions. PM10 levels were found by the low visibility targets, in addition to showing high concentrations of PM10, the air pollutants NOX also showed the highest concentration of meteorological factors such as atmospheric pressure and temperature, respectively, showing high pressure and low temperature. By the empirical model to estimate PM10 found ln [PM10] for the parameters to show variation with the greatest impact on the visibility of, in one case study, the use of Gaussian trajectory models of long-range transport contribution of the southern air products, before the impact of pollutants After the process, clearly shows the main sources of pollution contribute to the settlement with the upper hand as the altitude of the boundary concentration, while the former, the latter part belong to the local fixed and mobile sources of pollution that affect, in the case II is the choice of local pollution sources contribute mainly to point source and line source-based, the other choice in the circumstances of high-visibility source of contributions to the main point source and line source. |
