| 摘要: | 傳統魚塭養殖方式養殖面積需求大、用水量大，當養殖池水質惡化時，須排放池水、更
換新水，因而產生大量的污染性排廢水，增加水體污染負荷，導致水體優養化及缺氧並進一步
破壞水體生態。本文主要探討了人工溼地對養殖水中主要汙染物的處理效能，及人工溼地的淨
化能力對維持魚溫水質的影響。人工溼地是利用既有的漁塭整地後改造完成（105m2），由一
個表面流動式（FWS，free water surface flow system）溼地與另一個表面下流動（SSF，subsurface
flow system）溼地所組成，此人工溼地並與一個魚塭（1125m2）以管線及抽水機建構成循環水
養殖系統；另外，設置一個無循環水處理的魚塭（1138m2）作為傳統魚溫養殖水質比較的控制
組；兩處魚塭均飼養白蝦(Litopenaeus vannamei)。
實驗結果顯示，循環水養殖池與經由濕地處理後進出流水之SS平均水質濃度在第一試程
中分別為21±14 及6±5mg/L；第二試程中為23±12 及8±5mg/L；第三試程中為37±10 及
15±15mg/L，平均去除效率各試程分別為78、54 及59％，BOD5平均水質濃度在第一試程中分
別為5.6±1.6 及2.9±0.75 mg/L；第二試程中分別為6.2±3.0 及3.1±1.7 mg/L；第三試程中分別為
6.6±2.2 及4.8±1.6 mg/L；平均去除效率各試程分別為40、46 及27％，NH4-N、NO2-N及NO3-N
的淨化效果相當良好，平均去除效率分別可達到58%、70%及64%。在有飼料的投入約72 天
後，循環水養殖池白蝦的生長已大於控制組養殖池，推估可能是因為控制組養殖池後期污染物
濃度略高，因為本實驗控制組養殖池不像循環水養殖池之廢水有經過溼地處理過後循環再利
用，所以可能導致池內污染越來越高，進而影響其生長速度。
Aquaculture in earthen ponds has been conventionally and widely used. However, such culture Results of water monitoring of influent-effluent showed that constructed wetland effectively
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reduced TSS from 21±14 to 6±5mg/L in trials 1, 23±12 to 8±5mg/L in trials 2, and 37±10 to
15±15mg/L in trials 3, (removal efficiencies ranging from 54 to 78%), reduced BOD from 5.6±1.6 to
2.9±0.8 mg/L in trials 1, 6.2±3.0 to 3.1±1.7 mg/L in trials 2, and 6.6±2.2 to 4.8±1.6mg/L in trials 3,
(removal efficiencies ranging from 27 to 46 %). Besides, constructed wetland showed good removal
efficiency in NH4-N、NO2-N and NO3-N (58%、70% and 64%) from the recirculating aquaculture
water. After 72 days of shrimp culture, the weight and length of shrimps in the recirculating
aquaculture system exceeded that in the control fishpond, because the recirculating aquaculture
system can control higher water quality, through the treatment wetlands, in fishpond and reduce
pollutant level, thus increasing shrimp growth rate.
process typically requires a large amount of water resource, land area and energy, and produces a
polluted effluent, thereby resulting in a great impact on environment. Additionally, the accumulation
of the feces from fish and the residues of food normally cause deterioration of the pond water and
further reduce the production and quality of the aquaculture products.
This study is to integrate constructed wetland, or treatment wetland, technology into the
recirculating aquaculture, in which constructed wetland is used as a facility for aquaculture water
treatment so as to control the water quality in fishpond and reduce pollutant level in the fishpond
discharge. The constructed wetland (105m2) was built using part of an existing fishpond, and
included a free water surface flow unit followed by a subsurface flow unit. A fishpond (1125m2) was
connected with the treatment wetland to constitute a recirculating aquaculture system. Another
fishpond (1138m2) without connection of treatment wetland was used as a control fishpond, in which
traditional static aquaculture was carried out. This study investigated the performance of the
constructed wetland in removing the major pollutants from the recirculating aquaculture water, and
examined the effect of wetland treatment on water quality of the fishpond in the recirculating
aquaculture system. |
