| 摘要: | 自1990年代初期台灣加速民主化以來，台灣人民的本土意識與主權意識迅速崛起，至1990年代中期，一股新興的台灣民族主義已儼然形成。2000年3月，民進黨贏得總統大選後，由於該黨一向以追求台灣主權獨立為目標，台灣新政府的兩岸政策備受國內外各界矚目。2000年5月20日，陳水扁總統在其就職演說中提出了「四不一沒有」的政策，表示在其任內絕不會宣布台灣獨立。由於中華人民共和國仍是不遺餘力地矮化台灣的國際地位，陳水扁在2002年8月3日正式宣布台海兩岸是一邊一國，並呼籲台灣人民應慎重思考公投立法的必要性。在其領導下，台灣於2003年制定了「公民投票法」，並於2004年3月實施「防衛性公投」。2004年3月陳水扁連任後，民進黨政府接著又陸續提出制訂新憲法、台灣正名運動、廢除國統會與《國統綱領》、以台灣名義加入聯合國等強化台灣主權意涵的政策。同一時期，台灣民族主義也日益勃興，不但台灣人民的中國人認同大幅萎縮，民間社會主張建立台灣國的呼聲也愈來愈大。尤其值得注意的是，2007年11月底所完成的以台灣名義加入聯合國的公民投票連署書更是高達272萬份，充分顯示出台灣人民渴望台灣成為一個國際社會所承認的主權國家的訊息。
本文說明民進黨政府之所以採取上述政策，主要目標是為了對抗中華人民共和國對台灣主權地位的矮化，影響所及，則進一步促進了台灣民族主義的發展。
Since Taiwan accelerated democratization in the early 1990s, the Taiwanese people’s native and sovereign consciousness has risen rapidly. No later than the mid-1990s, a rising Taiwanese nationalism had formed in Taiwan. In March 2000, the DPP won the presidential election. As the DPP had always pursued Taiwan’s sovereign status, there was widespread concern over the new Government’s policy on Taiwan’s future and cross-Strait relations. On 20 May 2000 President Chen Shui-bian released his inaugural speech and proposed the “five noes” policy, in which he pledged not to announce Taiwan’s independence. In response, the PRC made every effort to downgrade Taiwan’s international status. On 3 August 2002, Chen claimed that there were two countries on either side of the Taiwan Strait. In the same time, he also urged the Taiwanese people to seriously consider the necessity of enacting a referendum law. Under the DPP Government, Taiwan did adopt a referendum law in December 2003, and implemented a defensive referendum in March 2004.
In March 2004, Chen Shui-bian won his second term and the DPP Government adopted a series of policies that could stress Taiwan’s sovereign status, including: enacting a new Constitution, rectifying the official name of many Taiwan’s state-owned enterprises, abolishing the Guidelines for National Unification, and entering the UN under the name of Taiwan. During this period, Taiwanese nationalism also increased steadily. Not only most polls showed that the Taiwanese people’s Chinese identification dropped drastically, but the demand for establishing a Republic of Taiwan also increased. The most notable was that in October 2007 a referendum proposal for entering the UM under the name Taiwan collected more than 2.72 million signatures, a sign showing how anxious the Taiwanese wanted Taiwan to be an normal sovereign state recognized by the international community.
This research argues that the main purpose of the DPP Government’s above policies was to protect Taiwan’s sovereign status from being denied by the PRC, which also promoted the growth of Taiwanese nationalism. |
