為瞭解現階段台灣地區營造業災變發生之趨勢，以謀求預防災變發生之道，本研究收集行政院勞委會民國七十二至七十七年營造業重大職業災害檢查報告共677件，翟災勞工達826人次，詳細分析此檔案，分析項目包括災變晅位及罹災勞工基本資料、災變經過、災變類型、及災變原因。分析結果顯示營造業災變發生率較其他產業高，罹災勞工年齡以30-40歲最多( 29.1% )，且有老化之趨勢;工作年資在百日內罹災者佔51.7% ;接受安衛教育訓練者僅達7.6% ，而罹災者補償及損失日數分析發現營造業受制度不健全及工期不定造成保險情形不佳，罹災時大部份僅由雇主負擔補償金額，未達45個月平均工資最低標準有30%，若將資料不全者不計則達60%，未達實際損失金額一半者有58%，而營造業損失日數為8040日比︼般標準( 6000日)高。災變以房屋建築業、一般土木工程及電路管路工程所佔比例最多;災變類型中以墜落或滾落40.8%最多，感電23.5%次多，物體倒塌或崩塌17.0%佔第三位;物體飛落4.6%為第四位;媒介物以營建施工設備為主( 28.9% )，其細分類則以施工架、支撐架或梯子最多(45%) ;傷害部位以頭部最多( 37.8% )，而致死部位達55.9% ;直接原因以不安全設備及技術與安全設施不足最高比例( 72 % ) ;間接原因以不安全動作68,.5%較多，而使用機具方法不當及未使用個人防護具佔不安全動作件次的66.2%，此充份顯示營造業安衛教育訓練有待加強;不安全情況以工作本身有潛在危害及防護支撐不當比例最高。 The objective of this paper is to understand the trend of construction disasters occurred at the resent stage in Taiwan and find out the prevented way. 677 investigated reports which included 826 workers of construction serious occupational disaster from 1983-1988 in Councill of Labor ANairs. Executive Yuan, R.O.C. were collected and analyzed in detail. The items vf each analytical report are foundational information of unit and worker, passing, form, and cause of disaster. The results reveal that (1) The workers whose age between 30 and 40; working age within 100 days have the highest ratio of casualty, 29.1% and 51.7% respectively. (2) The time distribution of disaster of the top two ratio are 9:OO-11:00 (24%) and 15:00-17:00 (28%). (3) The order of disaster-form is firstly, falling and rolling down (40.8%); secondly, electrical disaster (23.5%); and thirdly, structural body's tumbel-down or collapse (17.O%). (4) The highest casualty cause in transmitter is the equipment of construction (28.9%). (5) Unsafe equipment and technique (38.2%), and insvMciency of safe facilities (32.4) are the top two ratio in direct cause. (6) unsafe activity is the first factor (68.5%) in direct cause.
