聚丙烯醯胺對複合式薄膜生物反應槽效能與積垢之影響研究

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Title:	聚丙烯醯胺對複合式薄膜生物反應槽效能與積垢之影響研究 Study on Effect of Polymer Flocculant (PAM) on Membrane Fouling and Performance in A Hybrid MBR
Authors:	蔡育才
Contributors:	張家源嘉南藥理科技大學：環境工程與科學系暨研究所
Keywords:	化糞池出流水薄膜阻塞薄膜生物反應程序聚丙烯醯胺 Septic tank Polyacrylamide (PAM) Membrane bioreactor (MBR) Fouling
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-12-30 11:52:54 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	近年來，薄膜生物處理程序（MembraneBioreactor，MBR）廣泛的使用在廢水處理，主要是由於薄膜生物處理程序的佔地面積小且處理過後可以得到良好的水質。薄膜進行過濾時，薄膜表面會有濾餅層形成並產生阻抗。一般而言，添加膠凝劑可以絮凝細小顆粒及可溶性之胞外聚合物，而經過膠凝後，絮凝體可形成多孔膠羽使濾餅層產生的阻抗降低，且使薄膜通量較穩定。本研究目的是在薄膜生物反應槽同時添加高分子膠凝劑來處理化糞池出流水，探討MBR系統結合高分子膠凝劑後對於改善薄膜阻塞以及處理化糞池出流水之效率。本研究並以薄膜生物反應槽中之污泥懸浮液，加入聚丙烯醯胺(polyacrylamide，PAM)，進行瓶杯試驗，利用了三種不同類型的聚丙烯醯胺，分別為陽離子，陰離子和非離子型進行瓶杯試驗，以瞭解膠凝劑的個別效率。本研究結果發現，陽離子聚丙烯酰胺(C-PAM)的絮凝效率最佳，單獨使用於反應槽污泥懸浮液時，濁度去除效率在32％到92％，而TCOD的去除效率在15％到76％之間，SCOD的去除在22％到84％之間。若是將陽離子膠凝劑單獨使用於化糞池出流水，則濁度的去除在37％至90％，TCOD的去除效率在29％到78％之間，SCOD的去除率在2％到72.4％。針對薄膜阻塞的研究，為利用薄膜生物反應槽中的污泥進行修正阻塞指數 (Modified FoulingIndex ，MFI) 測試，實驗結果顯示，線上膠凝處理程序可以有效降低薄膜阻塞。選用陽離子型的聚丙烯醯胺，藉由瓶杯試驗結果，比較不同劑量之C-PAM 應用於MBR的處理成效。而在MBR中添加陽離子的劑量分為無添加劑量(空白試驗)，0.1 mg/L及2 mg/L，全程系統操作條件為水力停留時間 6小時和污泥停留時間為 20天。實驗結果發現，在薄膜生物反應槽應用膠凝劑能夠降低薄膜阻塞的情況並延長薄膜的運作時間。此外，當絮凝劑用量增加，COD的處理效率有明顯提升，而總氮及胞外聚合物也有較佳的去除率。 The membrane bioreactor (MBR) is becoming increasingly popular for wastewater treatment, mainly due to its capability of producing high quality effluent with a relatively small footprint. However, membrane fouling is a very serious problem faced by MBRs. Cake layer formation generates largest resistance for membrane filtrations. It was well known that adding flocculants could flocculate small particles and soluble EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances) into large flocs. Flocculated flocs can form a more porous cake, which would enable a higher permeate flux. The main objective of this study was to investigate the application of in-line flocculation on MBR system for septic tank effluent treatment. The combination of membrane system was feed by polymeric flocculant for improving membrane performance. The performance of the system was assessed based on its chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, nitrogen removal efficiency and membrane fouling potential. In order to determine the effect of flocculation on MBR performance, jar tests were performed by adding polyacrylamide (PAM) in wastewater which was a mixture of sludge from laboratory-scale MBR tank and raw septic tank effluent. Three different types of PAM which have different degree of charges (cationic, anionic and nonionic charge) were investigated in the jar tests. The effectiveness of the polyacrylamides was measured based on the reduction of turbidity, the removal of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). It was found that cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) gave the highest flocculation efficiency. In case of sludge in MBR tank, it can achieve turbidity reduction by 32% to 92%, TCOD removal by 15% to 76%, and SCOD removal by 22% to 84%. In case of raw septic effluent, the range of turbidity reduction was between 37% and 90%, TCOD removal between 29% and 78% and SCOD removal between 2% and 72.4%. The fouling potential of the sludge in MBR tank was characterized by the standard modified fouling index (MFI). The results indicated that the pretreatment of flocculation can effectively reduce the fouling propensity of the sludge. From the data obtained in jar test experiments, C-PAM was chosen as a flocculant to be used in the in-line flocculation MBR system. Comparative assessment of C-PAM at different dosages (non-dosed, 0.1 mg/l and 2 mg/l) was conducted. The system was operated at HRT of 6 hours and SRT of 20 days. It was found that the combination of in-line flocculation with MBR system in this study was able to decrease the fouling of the membrane in the case of long term operations. In addition, it was also found to improve the system performance. The results showed that TCOD, SCOD, total nitrogen (TN) and total extracted polymer substance (EPS) removal efficiencies increased when the flocculant dosage increased.
Relation:	校內校外均不公開，學年度：98，113頁
Appears in Collections:	[Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Science (including master's program)] Dissertations and Theses

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