| 摘要: | 研究建構一套複合式薄膜生物反應槽(Hybrid membrane bioreactor，HMBR)，結合海綿作為擔體，處理垃圾場滲出水與化糞池出流水合併廢水，探討複合式MBR系統與MBR系統對於各項水質參數之去除效果，氮化合物質量平衡及去除率，重金屬吸附情形，並對薄膜阻塞之積垢與擔體附著情形進行觀察。
結果顯示本系統於TCOD、SCOD去除率為第二階段最高，分別為94.4％與84.3％，於高進流濃度下，TCOD與SCOD有較高之去除效率，但在低進流濃度下，去除率隨之下降；添加海綿擔體後，TOC 最高去除率達 80％，第四階段提高垃圾場滲出水/化糞池出流水比例為 4/1，TOC最高去除率達 96％，顯示複合式MBR結合海綿擔體系統對 TOC 有良好之去除效果。
COD 體積負荷方面，TCOD 體積負荷介於 0.01~4.9 kg COD/ m3-day，SCOD 體積負荷介於 0.02~4.22 kg COD/ m3-day，氮系體積負荷方面TKN體積負荷介於0.22 kg TKN/ m3-day ~6.3 kg TKN/ m3-day，Org-N 體積負荷介於0.22 Org-N/m3-day ~6.9 Org-N/m3-day，NH4+-N 體積負荷介於0.005 NH4+-N / m3-day ~2.4 NH4+-N / m3-day；TKN、Org-N、 NH4+-N 轉換率平均為達85％以上，出流水大部份以硝酸鹽型態呈現。
利用環境掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope，ESEM)與X光射線能量散佈分析儀(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer，EDS)分析中以第四階段最好，阻塞薄膜內部外部已清楚看出薄膜本體，重金屬表面清洗後無鋅元素，以第六階段最差SEM與EDS分析出無法有效清除生物膠體，薄膜內外部都存在大量鉛元素。
重金屬分析中，本系統污泥對可去重金屬鐵、錳金屬，最高達去除率達86.5％與75.6，其他鈷、銀、鎘、鉛皆小於偵測極限且處理後之放流水重金屬含量皆達放流水標準。
This study was aimed at investigating the performance of a laboratory scale hybrid submerged membrane bioreactor (HMBR) for the co-treatment of septic tank effluent and landfill leachate. Sponge pellets were introduced into MBR tank to conduct a hybrid MBR system.
The indicators employed for examining the performances of the system were as follows: pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, mixed liquid suspended solid (MLSS), mixed liquid volatile suspended solid (MLVSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), sludge density index (SDI), total dissolved solids (TDS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH4+-N, Org-N, NO2- -N, NO3- -N, alkalinity, true color (ADMI), turbidity, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis, trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and flux.
The highest removals of TCOD (94%) and SCOD (84%) were found at stage 2. The removal efficiency increased with the increase of influent levels. For HMBR, the highest TOC removal of 96% was obtained from stage 4. According to the experimental observation, the sludge foaming in the initial stage was serious and most MLSS eventually attached onto the sponge. The results indicated that the introduction of sponge pellets could enhance the removal efficiency and significantly improve the permeability of MBR system for treatment of septic tank effluent/landfill leachate mixed liquid. It also demonstrated that the sponge carrier was with a strong capability to enhance the color removal in a hybrid MBR system.
The results showed that the removal efficiencies of metal Mg, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Ba are 24.2%(43.4－32.9ppm), 36.3 % (44.4－28.3 ppm), 68.8 % (0.77－0.24 ppm), 86.2 %(1.67－0.23 ppm), 75.3 %(0.19－0.047 ppm), 40.5 % (0.153－0.091 ppm), 53.3 %(0.075－0.035 ppm), respectively. |
