| 摘要: | 本研究利用匹兹堡睡眠量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)、嗜睡量表(Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS)與轉譯的睡眠習慣表(ASHS)，以南部某科大日間四技二年极學生爲封象，調查大學生的睡眠品質、嗜睡程度與睡眠習慣，並探討學生的性别、不同睡眠習慣在睡眠品質與嗜睡程度上是否有差異。共發出300份問卷，回收有效問卷145份。由於該科系是以女性爲主，故男性僅佔19.3%，女性佔80.7%，平均年齡爲20歲。雖然過高的身體質量指數(BMI)會影響睡眠品質，但經調查發现，學生的平均BMI爲20.80±2.67（男性平均BMI爲22.04±2.94，女性平均BMI爲20.48±2.52），均屬正常範圍。在睡眠品質方面，學生平均PSQI得分爲5.83±2.94，有66.2%的學生睡眠品質较差（PSQI總分>5）。嗜睡程度平均ESS得分爲8.50±3.62，屬於中、重度嗜睡的學生高達58.6%。而學生的睡眠習慣平均得分爲9.76±2.31，睡眠習慣不良的學生更高達84.6%。與睡眠習惯良好學生相较，睡眠習慣较差的學生其嗜睡程度的確顯著较重(ESS: 6.37±2.93 vs. 8.83±3.62, p<0.01)。性别的差異對睡眠品質與嗜睡程度雖未達統計顯著差異，但若進一步分析睡眠細節發现女生的有效睡眠時間著比男性學生長，而且女學生自行估算的入睡時間比男性更爲准確。整體而言，受訪學生的睡眠品質(t=3.419, p=0.001)，嗜睡程度(t=4.994, p=0.000)與睡眠習惯(t=13.215, p=0.000)均顯著较差。在如此情况下對對睡眠、學業及情緒等各方面可能産生負面的影響。因此學生應建立正確的睡眠認知，養成良好的睡眠習慣，有效安排生活作息和時間管理，以提高睡眠品質與學習效果。
Good sleep includs not only the quantity but also the quality of sleep. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sleep quality, sleepiness and sleep hygiene of college students. The sample was drawn from the sophomore of an university in sourthern Taiwan (n=300, effective samples=145), and a self-reported questionnaire with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and revised ASHS were used. The average age of students was 20 years, and average BMI was 20.80�2.67. BMI of both male and female students were within the normal range, which were 22.04�2.94 and 20.48�2.52, respectively. Results showed the average PSQI was 5.83�2.94, 49.3% of the students had low sleep quality. The average ESS was 8.50�3.62, 57.2% and 1.4% of students had moderate and severe sleepiness, respectively. The above high percentage of sleepiness may due to 84.6% of students had inadequate sleep hygiene. The average sleep hygiene score of college students was 9.76�2.31. There is no gender difference in sleep quality and sleepiness. But if the factors of PSQI were analyzed, we found female students had significantly longer effective sleep duration than male, and the self-estimated sleep time of female was more accurate than male. When we grouped the students into "good sleep hygiene" and "bad sleep hygiene", the results showed that students with good sleep hygiene significantly had less degree of sleepiness (ESS: 6.37�2.93 vs. 8.83�3.62, p<0.0l). Compared with the global scores defined as good sleeper, normal sleepiness and fair sleep hygiene, the sleep quality (t=3.419, p0.001), sleepiness (t=4.994, p=0.000) and sleep hygiene (t=13.215, p0.000) of students were significantly worse. Under such severe circumstances; it definitely will bring an impact on the study capacity of young students. To prevent this negative effect, the following should be addressed: firstly, young students should establish the proper perceptions for sleep, and second, they have to build up a correct sleep hygiene, and finally, they should learn to well manage their time, so that fair sleep quality in accompany with better learning spirit will be the integral goal. |
