相術，或曰相命、命相學，它包括：星相術、手相術、面相術、顱相術、骨相術、形體相術，以及算八字、血型相命等，統歸是傳統方術的一類，屬於一種測命文化。相術作為一種幾乎是全人類所共有的社會現象，是有著非常悠久的歷史的。在閱讀元明清小說時，經常發現其中的人物形貌描寫，很難跳出相術辭彙和相術觀念的框架，從而認知明清小說中人物形象摹寫有類型化、範式化(Paradigm)的現象。這在古代小說中，小說家與歷史學家一樣，在相術觀念的指導下，也對不少歷史人物進行了整容或醜化。本文擬從《紅樓夢》、《三國演義》、《金瓶梅》等著名元明清小說中的人物形象摹寫為例，探討其中的範式作用。 The research of looks includes star fortune-telling,palmistry and face fortune-telling,Lu fortune-telling,bone fortune-telling,figure fortune-telling,andcalculate horoscope,blood type fortune-telling...etc.These all belong to tell fortune cultyral of a part.Fortune-telling conduct and actions 1 kind is almost the social phenomena that the whole mankind totally has and have very long history.We usually find the depiction of the person facial look in the novel while studying Yuan Dynasty,Ming Dynasty and Manchu dynasty novel,can hardly jump out the frame of fortune-telling vocabulary and fortune-telling idea.Therefore we think the person image in Yuan Dynasty,Ming Dynasty and Manchu dynasty novel and has the phenomenon that the type turns while describing.Ancient novelist and historian are similar,under the instruction of the fortune-telling idea,also carried on to beautify or smear to a few history persons.This text intends from《The Red Chamber Dream》、《Popular Historical Romance of the Three Kingdoms》、《The Gold,Bottle and Plum》the depiction of etc.person image within well-known novel and the research type in which turns a function of paradigm.
