人工溼地廢水處理之溫室氣體釋放研究(新制多年期第3年)

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標題:	人工溼地廢水處理之溫室氣體釋放研究(新制多年期第3年) Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Constructed Wetlands Treating Wastewater
作者:	林瑩峰李得元劉瑞美張翊峰
貢獻者:	環境工程與科學系(所)
關鍵字:	溫室氣體人工溼地甲烷二氧化碳氧化亞氮廢水處理 greenhouse gas constructed wetland methane carbon dioxide nitrous oxide wastewater treatment
日期:	2009
上傳時間:	2010-03-26 16:35:34 (UTC+8)
出版者:	台南縣：嘉南藥理科技大學環境工程與科學系(所)
摘要:	近年來，大氣層中溫室效應氣體(greenhouse gases)含量逐年增加進而導致全球暖化及氣候變遷議的議題普遍受到國際間的重視。另一方面，人工溼地為一種低成本、省能源、容易操作、且兼具生態保育及景觀價值的廢水處理程序，近三十年來已成功的應用在家庭污水、畜牧廢水、都市雨水逕流的水質淨化，有效的降低廢水中的固體物、有機物、氮磷營養物及微量金屬元素含量上。然而，人工溼地淨化水質的生化程序中，無可避免的會產生二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)及氧化亞氮(N2O)三種溫室效應氣體而引起關切，況且人工溼地在國內外應用的數目及面積規模均有逐年成長的趨勢，因此人工溼地溫室氣體排放造成衝擊的相關研究有其迫切需要。為了能建立國內人工溼地溫室氣體排放的基本資料及排放總量的推估模式，並嘗試利用溫室氣體的產氣速率做為人工溼地污染物去除效率及生化活性的指標，本計畫擬分三年逐步進行有系統的調查、分析與研究，逐年的工作項目及研究目的敘述如下：第一年主要工作為針對南部幾座已穩定操作的人工溼地進行調查，溼地場址包括：嘉南藥理科技大學校園污水處理人工溼地系統、港尾社區人工溼地系統、蓮潭社區人工溼地系統、大林慈濟醫院人工溼地、鳥松溼地、官田水雉復育區溼地、洲仔溼地，除了溫室效應氣體排放的監測外，另進行溼地水質的採樣與分析。本年度主要研究目的為： (1)調查不同場址人工溼地的溫室效應氣體產量；(2)比較不同類型人工溼地(廢水處理的 FWS與SSF溼地、生態保育的人工溼地)溫室氣體排放量的差異，並與國內已建立的天然溼地溫室氣體排放資料進行比較；(3)探討人工溼地溫室氣體排放與溼地水質環境條件的關係。第二年的工作主要以第一年之分析調查結果為基礎，再針對環境因子與空間條件持續進行分析，調查的場址主要以廢水處理的人工溼地為主（嘉南藥理科技大學校園污水處理人工溼地系統、港尾社區人工溼地系統、蓮潭社區人工溼地系統、大林慈濟醫院人工溼地），並且進行溫室氣體排放、底泥性質分析與水質分析工作。本年度的主要研究目的為探討：(1)季節變化對人工溼地溫室氣體排放的影響；(2)日夜間變化對人工溼地溫室效應氣體產量的影響；(3)人工溼地溫室氣體排放與溼地底泥性質(包含pH、ORP、有機物、總氮、總磷、溶解性有機碳等項目)的關係；(4)人工溼地溫室氣體排放量的空間分佈變化；(4)檢討溫室氣體的產氣速率做為人工溼地污染物去除效率及生化活性指標的可行性。第三年的主要工作以前兩年之結果為基礎，調查的場址與第二年相同，並且持續進行溫室氣體偵測與水質分析工作。本年度主要研究目的為：(1)調查長期操作下人工溼地溫室氣體排放的變化；(2)探討人工溼地溫室氣體排放與人工溼地的操作條件(如水力負荷、有機負荷、總氮負荷等)的關係；(3)建立人工溼地溫室氣體排放的推估模式；(4)研擬削減溫室氣體的人工溼地操作與管理策略；(5)建立人工溼地溫室氣體排放的資料庫。 Because global warming and climate changes are following upon an increase in atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, there is intense concern with the sources and emissions of the gases. Constructed wetland technology is a natural treatment system for wastewater engineering and is characterized by the advantages of moderate capital costs and very low energy consumption and maintenance requirements. It may also provide ecological benefits of increased wildlife habitat. It can be used to reduce levels of solids, organic matter, nutrients, and metals from a variety of wastewater, such as domestic wastewater, dairy-farm wastewater, municipal stormwater runoff. However, constructed wetlands are inherently the net source of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).Wetland construction and the area covered by constructed wetlands are increasing domestically and globally, thus there is an urgent need to elucidate the impact of constructed wetlands on atmospheric burden of these gases. In order to quantify the atmospheric impact of the domestic constructed wetlands, a three-years project will be conducted on various types of constructed wetlands in different sites of the southern Taiwan. In the first-year project, the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide as well as water quality from the same sampling locations will be measured in four constructed-wetland systems treating wastewater and three man-made wetland systems providing wildlife habitats. The objectives of the project will be to: (1) obtain the quantitative data of gas emissions from constructed wetlands and compare these data with the reported data from some nature wetlands; (2) investigate the differences in greenhouse gas emissions between various types of constructed wetlands; (3) examine the relationship between gas emission performance and water quality from the same sampling location. In the second-year project, investigation will be only conducted on the four wetland systems treating wastewater. In addition to greenhouse gas emissions and water quality, the characteristics of wetland sediments, such as pH, redox potential, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, soluble organic carbon, in the same sampling locations will be also investigated. The objectives of the project will include: (1) examine seasonal variation in greenhouse gas emissions from the constructed wetland; (2) investigate the temporal dynamic in greenhouse gas emissions from the constructed wetland; (3) correlate the gas emissions with the characteristics of the wetland sediments; (4) investigate spatial distribution of gas emission in the constructed wetlands; (5) examine the feasibility of greenhouse emission rates as a indicator for pollutant removal efficiency and biochemical activities of a constructed wetland. In the third-year project, the studied wetland sites will be continuously investigated for long-term studies. The objectives of the project will be to: (1) investigate long-term changes in gas emissions; (2) examine the effects of operational conditions (e.g., hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate, nitrogen loading rate of constructed wetlands on gas emissions; (3) establish a reasonable mathematic model to predict the total greenhouse emissions of the increasing use of domestic constructed wetlands; (4) propose a management strategy for constructed wetlands to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; (5) establish a public use database including the information of greenhouse gas emissions.
關聯:	計畫編號：NSC96-2221-E041-008-MY3
顯示於類別:	[環境工程與科學系(所)] 科技部計畫

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