| 摘要: | 傳統的城鄉發展制度已造成許多環境破壞的事實，近年來興起的生態城鄉發展規劃越趨重要，惟生態城鄉的構想、對策與作法多半與城鄉發展的利害關係人有所衝突。本研究之目的包括：(1)整理達成生態城鄉的策略與作法；(2)探討生態城鄉發展的行政措施；(3)利用「制度變遷理論」建構生態城鄉發展評估體系；(4)評估台江地區生態城鄉發展之有效作法。近年來生態城鄉發展的作法包括許多方法，譬如綠色建築、保護開放空間及農地、緊凑發展避免都市蔓延、大眾運輸、成長管理、文化地景保護、振興衰頹地區、歷史舊聚落的再生、聚落更新、都市再發展、簇落開發技術、環境保護行動、使用資訊技術、強化廢棄物處理與資源回收、生態工法、減少能源的消費、鼓勵綠色產品等。但這許多方法的執行成效仍有待進一步的檢視。許多的環境維護政策過去多靠政府的力量，但成效有限。近年來環境保育方法已逐漸由政府為主的觀念轉變為多方合夥(multi-partner) 之治理機制觀點。基於環境問題的「集體性」、「外部性」、「跨部門」與「複雜性」等本質；環境問題在人們的行動與抉擇中通常被視為是「次要的」而非「首要的」考量事項。因而，任何永續發展或生態城鄉的策略與作法必須讓「利害關係人」感受到比目前狀況「更有利」，這才有希望付諸實現。台江地區擁有豐富的生態資源，目前台南科學園區的設立，已帶動了此一地區人口與產業的變遷。台江地區已面臨城鄉發展的威脅。它是一個發展生態城鄉政策的重要契機。但本研究企圖檢視何種生態城鄉發展政策較能落實的可行性。本計畫台江地區為研究評估生態城鄉發展政策的實驗地區，研究範圍將包括台南縣市的行政轄區。本計畫將配合台江地區推動中的相關目標與計畫，以生態城鄉發展概念，進行深入的檢討分析，企圖提出較具可行性的生態城鄉發展作法與行政措施。
The concept of traditional land use planning has declined due to the fact of its neglect the coexistence of built environment with natural resources. Recently the concept of sustainable urban planning is becoming more and more important. Unfortunately, the idea and strategies of eco-village are obviously inconsistent with those interests of stakeholders, whose interests are related to urban development policies. The purposes of this study include: (1) to do literature review about the strategies and policies of ecological village; (2) based on the theory of institutional change, to develop a model of governance analysis for ecological village; (3) to investigate the feasible strategies for shaping an ecological village in “Tai-River Area”. The strategies of ecological village have many ways, such as green building, conservation of farm and open land, avoid urban sprawl, usage of public transit, growth management, regeneration of old villages, renewal of traditional villages, urban redevelopment, cluster development, sustainable engineering techniques, reducing energy consumption, encouraging green-labeled product, etc. Past environmental policies mostly rely on the government, but it performance is obviously not good. Since the environment issue has the property of “collectivity”, “externality”, “cross-sectionality”and “complexity”. It is rational that any human being will not take the environment externality into their account in his any action. Therefore, feasible strategies for an ecological village must be superior to the status quo from the stakeholders’point of view. The area selected is the historical “Tai-River Area”in this research. We will include the some jurisdictions of Tainan City and Tainan County for planning purposes. In the study area, there are some unique natural resources and environmental sensitivity, such as swamp land, nearly extinct birds, etc. The timing of this study is adequate, because Tainan Science-Based Park has significantly become an impulse for newly trend of immigration which includes population and industrial firms in this area. It is also an important mission to propose this experiment research on ecological village especially to Tai-River area. |
