| 摘要: | 目前國內幼兒體能差，體重過重，已是不爭之事實。然而政府對於幼兒體能教育尚無明確之政策，亦無解決方法或應對措施，因此幼兒體能問題已成為當前教育上的一大隱憂。有鑑於此，本研究之目的在於：瞭解南部地區幼兒體能發展與相關課程實施之概況，以及探討幼兒體能發展上之性別差異。本研究以南部地區148所幼兒園長及2163名幼兒為對象。對於園長方面，主要以問卷調查瞭解目前幼兒體能課程實施概況；在幼兒方面，則實施身高、體重測量及速度、肌力、肌耐力、敏捷性、爆發力、協調性、平衡性、柔軟性等七項運動能力測驗。結果顯示：南部地區幼稚園園長之性別比例懸殊，以女性居多，且服務年限長。辦理師資培訓為幼稚園對於教育行政單位之期望。大部分幼稚園皆實施外聘體能教師兼任體能課程，另有五分之一之幼稚園未實施幼兒體能之課程，原因為器材與師資不足，期盼政府相關單位重視，並提出因應對策，加強宣導或立法執行。在幼兒體格方面，身高、體重、身體質量指數上，男孩顯著高於女孩，在爆發力、協調性上男生亦優於女生，而柔軟度女生優於男生。在體能方面，五足歲幼兒之身體質量指數(Body Mass Index)，明顯的大於三、四歲幼兒；幼兒年歲愈長，越有發胖的趨勢。幼童之肌耐力、敏捷性、爆發力、速度、肌力、協調性、平衡感隨著年齡而增加。而柔軟度方面，並未隨年齡而增加，其中以四足歲最優。
Children in Taiwan were poor in physical fitness; also, they were overweight. Unfortunately, Taiwan government did not have explicit definition and policy for children physical fitness. Obviously, children’s physical fitness had been a secret problem for preelementary education. Therefore, the purposes of this research were: (1)To explore physical development of the children in south-Taiwan and their physical curriculum; (2)To compare the physical development between males and females; (3)To explore the current physical fitness in different age levels. In this research, there were 148 center directors and 2163 children participated. For center directors, survey questionnaires would be used to understand the curriculum of physical education. For children, there were seven physical fitness exams would be used including height, weight, speed, strength, muscular endurance, agility, power/explosive strength, coordination, balance, and flexibility. The results showed that females as center directors were the trend. Center administrators were expected to have formal training for physical education. Usually, part-time teachers were employed in the centers. It is worth to know that there were one-fifth centers did not have physical curriculum. The results of this research also showed lack of equipment and teachers were the main barrier in physical education. Obviously, males were significant higher than females. By gender, males were better than females in power/explosive strength and coordination significantly. On the other side, females’ flexibility was better than males. Finally, with the different age, children’s physical fitness were different. The BMI index indicated five year old children were higher than others. Also, there was a trend children were getting weights with aging. Age can determine children’s muscular endurance, agility, power/explosive strength, speed, coordination, and balance. However, 4 years old children were the best in flexibility. |
