| 摘要: | 非點源污染問題日趨嚴重，往往由於一場暴雨或多場所帶來各種污染物會隨著河水逕流的不規則移動，造成污染的分散。暴雨初期沖刷是集水區水質是否或受到污染的關鍵時刻，在不同的降雨特性下以及不同地形下，所引起的污染物對於各項水質濃度將產生不同程度的影響以及改變。本研究之目的在探討由暴雨及非點源污染所引起之集水區水量變化及水質污染。
本研究的目的就是模擬分析，在於同一集水區的各種不同暴雨條件下，規劃對於此集水區最佳之管制措施(BMPs)，並透過模擬模式與BMPs之相互研究，以規劃出最佳控制集水區水質水量之配置。本研究設定一虛擬場址，並選定集水區模式WinVAST模式，利用WinVAST弁鄍i推估漫地流歷線及計算上游至下游的河道演算，可以推估非點源污染的沖刷量，也可以估算在不同非點源污染下BMPs的配置，可得到其污染之消減量以及整體的效益評估。
本研究運用設計草溝與滯洪池等不同方案之BMPs在不同的子集水區，並模擬各子流域之懸浮固體物、總氮、正磷酸鹽及流量之去除效率，從中降低成本費用的支出考量，並利用於最低廉的成本去實行最佳的控制技術，進而選擇最優秀之BMPs配置集水區塊。並了解各污染物的濃度變化情形，取得經濟化配置設計效果。希冀，所獲之研究成果可提供，未來集水區管理實施非點源污染管制時之參考指標。
Non-point source pollution problems become increasingly serious, frequently, due to a rainstorm or more will bring all kinds of pollutants as the irregular movement of the river runoff, bring to the dispersion of pollution.Rainstorm washed away early is the critical moment that whether water catchment areas contaminated or not, rainfall in different characteristics and under different terrain, the concentration of the water caused by pollutants will produce different levels of impact and change. The purpose of this study to investigate Changes in water catchment areas and water pollution caused by the rainstorm and non-point source pollution.
The purpose of this study is the simulation analysis, various conditions under rainstorm of the same catchment area, planning for the best control measures (BMPs) of this catchment area, and mutual Research through the simulation model and BMPs, to plan the best control of quality and quantity of water catchment areas targeted. This study set a virtual site, to selected catchment areas model WinVAST model ,and use the functional of WinVAST that can be estimated to flow calendar and calculated line to the upper reaches of the river downstream calculus, it Can be estimated non-point source pollution of the erosion, and can be estimated in different non-point source pollution under the allocation of BMPs, availability of its pollution abatement and the overall assessment of the effectiveness.
The study use the design grass swale and detention ponds, and other various options of BMPs in different subasin, and simulation removal efficiency of SS,TN,Orth-P on each subasin, and then Considerations debase the costs from expenditure, use the most inexpensive costs to implementation the best control technology. Finally, choose configuration the best BMPs on catchment areas, and research the changes in the concentration of pollutants, acquisition design effect to the economicale disposition.
Expect, the research results,that we obtained can offer the reference of watershed management of non-point source pollution control in the future. |
