DSpace collection: 期刊論文

Chitosan promotes immune responses, ameliorates glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, but enhances lactate dehydrogenase levels in normal mice in vivo

Thu, 18 Jan 2018 03:38:56 GMT

title: Chitosan promotes immune responses, ameliorates glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, but enhances lactate dehydrogenase levels in normal mice in vivo abstract: Chitosan, a naturally derived polymer, has been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties; however, little is known about the effect of chitosan on the immune responses and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in normal mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chitosan has an effect on the immune responses and GOT, GPT and LDH activities in mice in vivo. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. The negative control group was treated with a normal diet; the positive control group was treated with a normal diet plus orally administered acetic acid and two treatment groups were treated with a normal diet plus orally administered chitosan in acetic acid at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, every other day for 24 days. Mice were weighed during the treatment, and following the treatment, blood was collected, and liver and spleen samples were isolated and weighted. The blood samples were used for measurement of white blood cell markers, and the spleen samples were used for analysis of phagocytosis, natural killer (NK) cell activity and cell proliferation using flow cytometry. The results indicated that chitosan did not markedly affect the body, liver and spleen weights at either dose. Chitosan increased the percentages of CD3 (T-cell marker), CD19 (B-cell marker), CD11b (monocytes) and Mac-3 (macrophages) when compared with the control group. However, chitosan did not affect the phagocytic activity of macrophages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although it decreased it in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment with 20 mg/kg chitosan led to a reduction in the cytotoxic activity of NK cells at an effector to target ratio of 25: 1. Chitosan did not significantly promote B-cell proliferation in lipopolysaccharide-pretreated cells, but significantly decreased T-cell proliferation in concanavalin A-pretreated cells, and decreased the activity of GOT and GPT compared with that in the acetic acid-treated group,. In addition, it significantly increased LDH activity, to a level similar to that in normal mice, indicating that chitosan can protect against liver injury.

《春秋經》桓六年「子同生」書法探究-以《穀梁傳》為主

Thu, 02 Oct 2014 08:07:38 GMT

title: 《春秋經》桓六年「子同生」書法探究-以《穀梁傳》為主 abstract: 《春秋經》二百四十二年、魯十二公中，對於世子出生，僅有桓公六年書「九月丁卯，子同生」一條，餘皆無記錄，可見孔子之所以書，自有其特殊意涵。子同即桓公嫡子，其後繼位之魯莊公是也。《三傳》對此條經文之解讀並不一致，《左》、《公》所說與《穀梁》解經之說法大相逕庭。《左傳》詳述舉太子之禮以示桓公對子同出生之重視，《公羊》謂喜國有正故書之，義與《左傳》相近；《穀梁》則根據魯桓公夫人文姜之亂事件，認為係因當時盛傳太子同非桓公親生，而是齊襄公與文姜之私生子，故孔子書此以釋時人之疑。本論文以《左傳》、《公羊傳》、《穀梁傳》、《詩經》、《史記》及相關典籍中有關文姜、齊襄、魯桓、魯莊間之交絡關係進行研究分析，發現當孔子著《春秋經》至此「文姜之亂」時，感時人對莊公身世質疑甚深，為別嫌明微，釋時人之疑，故特於《經》桓六年書「子同生」，以示莊公身份之正統性。因此，三《傳》說法中，以《穀梁傳》：「疑，故志之。」之解經說法為是。

元文人畫與模糊美學

Thu, 02 Oct 2014 08:07:06 GMT

title: 元文人畫與模糊美學 abstract: 詩、書、畫集於一體的元代文人畫，在中國畫史上深具獨特人文氣習。而「糢糊美學」是一項多元繁雜之美學理論，該理論與元代漢、蒙文化交流之繁複性，以及當時文人之思想意識之矛盾性、衝擊性等，多有所交集。元代文人畫突破傳統窠臼，畫作之互滲交融與變形創新，與模糊美學之中介三階段相關。而畫作透過筆墨游移所產生的生動墨趣，或寫愁或寄恨或狂怪或野逸，亦不具精確性。另在主體意識與畫作對象之間，彼此超越對立，在意象中呈顯出畫中的「視覺模糊」、「描繪模糊」、「空間模糊」等三層次，以及迷離有序的「過渡模糊」、強化山水生命之肌理「點綴模糊」等模糊美學特質。故今嘗試以糢糊美學原理，探索元趙孟頫以及黃公望、王蒙、倪瓚、吳鎮四大家之代表性畫作，所顯現之模糊美感。

舌燦蓮花說秦穆：燭之武與蹇叔辭令技法比較

Wed, 14 Aug 2013 02:42:00 GMT

title: 舌燦蓮花說秦穆：燭之武與蹇叔辭令技法比較 abstract: 春秋史上，燭之武與蹇叔為鄭、秦名臣。二者先後說秦穆，《左傳》「燭之武退秦師」、「蹇叔哭師」二文中，詳載其絕妙經典辭令。說秦穆，雙方各有其背景，辭令之基本模式亦迥異，燭之武主婉言層遞漸進法，蹇叔則採直言犯顏激進法。雖然兩者的辭令技巧，皆以「動之以情」、「說之以理」、「曉以利害」為主軸，但內容截然不同。燭之武以低姿態開啟穆公傾聽的契機，並以天秤原理透析秦、晉的利益糾葛，另就秦之利害交迭辨述，終於獲致秦穆首肯退師。反觀蹇叔迫於情勢，知其不可為而為之，先以激動悍然姿態提出秦若襲鄭將面臨的三大難關，後以「秦害」怒斥秦穆之執意出師。惜其未能及時指出「秦利」，乃在於楬櫫「不伐喪亂」之國際公法，而最終老淚縱橫敗北收場。燭之武憑三寸不爛之舌，不費一兵一卒，成功說退秦師，對內解除鄭亡國危機，對外提升秦穆、晉文爭霸之衝突，可謂一舉兩得。因此，「說秦穆」一役，燭之武可謂大贏家。而蹇叔雖功敗垂成，然《左傳》「蹇叔哭師」中，蹇叔所樹立的「自反而縮，雖千萬人，吾往矣」（《孟子‧公孫丑章句））形象，至今已成為千古典範。故自歷史長河觀之，蹇叔並非輸家，他與燭之武皆並稱贏家。