DSpace community: 文化事業發展系

Chitosan promotes immune responses, ameliorates glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, but enhances lactate dehydrogenase levels in normal mice in vivo

Thu, 18 Jan 2018 03:38:56 GMT

title: Chitosan promotes immune responses, ameliorates glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, but enhances lactate dehydrogenase levels in normal mice in vivo abstract: Chitosan, a naturally derived polymer, has been shown to possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties; however, little is known about the effect of chitosan on the immune responses and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in normal mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chitosan has an effect on the immune responses and GOT, GPT and LDH activities in mice in vivo. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. The negative control group was treated with a normal diet; the positive control group was treated with a normal diet plus orally administered acetic acid and two treatment groups were treated with a normal diet plus orally administered chitosan in acetic acid at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, every other day for 24 days. Mice were weighed during the treatment, and following the treatment, blood was collected, and liver and spleen samples were isolated and weighted. The blood samples were used for measurement of white blood cell markers, and the spleen samples were used for analysis of phagocytosis, natural killer (NK) cell activity and cell proliferation using flow cytometry. The results indicated that chitosan did not markedly affect the body, liver and spleen weights at either dose. Chitosan increased the percentages of CD3 (T-cell marker), CD19 (B-cell marker), CD11b (monocytes) and Mac-3 (macrophages) when compared with the control group. However, chitosan did not affect the phagocytic activity of macrophages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although it decreased it in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment with 20 mg/kg chitosan led to a reduction in the cytotoxic activity of NK cells at an effector to target ratio of 25: 1. Chitosan did not significantly promote B-cell proliferation in lipopolysaccharide-pretreated cells, but significantly decreased T-cell proliferation in concanavalin A-pretreated cells, and decreased the activity of GOT and GPT compared with that in the acetic acid-treated group,. In addition, it significantly increased LDH activity, to a level similar to that in normal mice, indicating that chitosan can protect against liver injury.

趕超之後：日本科學、技術、產業創新體系的形成和變遷

Fri, 06 Nov 2015 08:09:53 GMT

title: 趕超之後：日本科學、技術、產業創新體系的形成和變遷 abstract: 日本在二次大戰之後快速的經濟發展表現曾廣受矚目，但促成經濟發展的科學、技術多自外國引進，幾過數十年的努力才達到自主的程度，卻少受討論。產業的形成和發展係由技術引進而來，技術的引進和提升則由基礎科學研究而來。而產業的形成和發展則可創造業機會，並帶動國家的經濟發展。科學、技術、產業、經濟發展，可說環環相扣，密不可分，而政府在其中則扮演重要角色。在日本經濟不振的「失去的二十年」中，日本期望強化知識作為經濟發展的核心來源，強調科學、技術的創新。本研究即以產業政治經濟學研究基礎，向上游延伸到產業發展的競爭力來源，即科學、技術的創新政治經濟學研究(Political Economy of Innovation)，探究日本日本科學、技術、產業創新體系的形成和變遷，同時並以曾經濟趕超英美，之後又落後韓、台的半導體業，以及方興未艾的綠色能源產業如電動車、太陽光能發電為個案研究。

打造綠色國度：日本能源政策的發展與挑戰(II)

Wed, 05 Nov 2014 07:31:50 GMT

title: 打造綠色國度：日本能源政策的發展與挑戰(II) abstract: 日本是個天然資源稀少的國家，尤其缺乏如石油、煤碳和天然氣等石化能源資源。因此日本的能源資源供應約有80-90％仰賴進口。但經濟發展不能沒有穩定的能源供應，因此1970年代的兩次石油危機引起日本的強烈的能源不安全感，而開始積極追求能源資源的安定供給、有效使用。經過30餘年的努力，日本不僅在石油消費上大幅減少，增加核能發電和發展省能源科技和產業，提高能源自主性；同時也在全球環境保護的風潮下，發展再生能源科技和產業，成為綠色科技先進國。日本能源政策和產業發展看似兼顧環保和經濟需求，然而就個別能源產業來看，卻有許多困難，如石油產業因減少石油利用而使設備閒置浪費、再生能源如太陽能發電和風力發電的科技和市場應用瓶頸，以及核能發電的安全性和環保性爭議等。而這些議題在2011年3月的東日本大地震之後，更引起日本重新檢討能源政策的討論。本研究計畫第一年期分析日本能源政策的決策過程，並由政策網絡分析核能發電的爭論與發展。

打造綠色國度：日本能源政策的發展與挑戰(I)

Mon, 20 Oct 2014 13:50:09 GMT

title: 打造綠色國度：日本能源政策的發展與挑戰(I) abstract: 日本是個天然資源稀少的國家，尤其缺乏如石油、煤碳和天然氣等石化能源資源。因此日本的能源資源供應約有80-90％仰賴進口。但經濟發展不能沒有穩定的能源供應，因此1970 年代的兩次石油危機引起日本的強烈的能源不安全感，而開始積極追求能源資源的安定供給、有效使用。經過30 餘年的努力，日本不僅在石油消費上大幅減少，增加核能發電和發展省能源科技和產業，提高能源自主性；同時也在全球環境保護的風潮下，發展再生能源科技和產業，成為綠色科技先進國。日本能源政策和產業發展看似兼顧環保和經濟需求，然而就個別能源產業來看，卻有許多困難，如石油產業因減少石油利用而使設備閒置浪費、再生能源如太陽能發電和風力發電的科技和市場應用瓶頸，以及核能發電的安全性和環保性爭議等。而這些議題在2011 年3 月的東日本大地震之後，更引起日本重新檢討能源政策的討論。本研究計畫擬分析日本能源政策的決策過程，並由比較政治經濟學來比較和分析個別能源產業如石化產業、電力產業、核能發電、再生能源及節能科技產業，結合總體與個體兩個層次，完整分析日本的能源政治經濟學。