| 摘要: | 土壤為孕育萬物之母，而土地資源對人類之生存與發展有相當密切的關係與影響，除了提供人類生存所需的各類用地外，土地資源尚具有遊憩、生態保育及污染涵容等經濟、社會及環境方面之重要弁遄C然而近年來本省土壤重金屬污染事件頻傳，歷年各環保單位之調查資料顯示，彰化縣、台中縣及桃園縣污染較為嚴重，而對於其他縣市的土壤重金屬污染調查亦有持續增加的趨勢，進而造成環境及民眾生活上的隱憂。
本研究針對目前台灣地區常用的施工方法評估對於農地重金屬污染廠址進行整治技術的成效及相關整治機具經費的比較，在評估項目中針對各個不同地區及不同整治目標的污染場址進行土壤翻轉法整治作業，而在整治期間所使用之施工機具及機具施工天數皆會影響工程的總經費，大部分的環保機構均以環保署制定之公告整治費用為依據，但並未考量到現場污染之狀況，故在本論文中以污染現場施作狀況、土地的面積大小、整治的規劃施工深度以及預期整治後濃度降低的百分比等與現場監督所得知之機具工時表換算成單位面積所需之機具操作金額納入分析之考量，最後再經由統計方式求得一經驗方程式以得到預期整治目標與所機具所需費用，期望求得可信賴度高之回歸方程式以便針對機具操作費用之概估，以其結果提供後續整治土壤污染所需的經費估算及預期效果的訂定等優點。
本調查區塊總共206筆，涵遜丑B台中縣及台南縣經由現場實際施工的機具使用天數及污染整治前、後的最高污染濃度金屬分析值彙整的資料數據顯示所調查的區塊經由土壤翻轉法整治作業後全部的調查區塊分析最高值皆達到預計之整治目標以下，顯示土壤翻轉法整治運用於改善農地重金屬污染之場址頗有成效。而依所蒐集的數據資料以統計模式-複回歸分析後得到一條經驗公式，此公式經由變異數分析確認此公式為有效的模式再經由個別解釋變數所貢獻的解釋度確認每一個自變數與因變數具有獨立顯著性及線性關係存在，因此確認此公式為有效公式，公式如下所示：
預估單位面積整治金額(y)=Y2=(288.06-166.16X1+1.63X2+1.38X3)2
X1：面積（公頃）
X2：整治深度（cm）
X3：整治效率（%）
y=Y2：預估單位面積整治金額(元/公頃)
Land resources such as soil have a great deal of influence and a close relationship with human’s survival and development because it provides many important functions to the society, economy, and environment. For example, Land resources could be used for agricultures, recreations, and ecological care, so people could survive by using land resources, but land resources in Taiwan has polluted seriously by heavy metal. According to historical data that established by environmental protection units, Changhua County, Taichung County, and Taoyuan County’s land resources have polluted seriously. Also, the other counties and cities’ land resources’ pollution are increasing dramatically; therefore, many people and experts really worry about the Taiwan’s environmental pollution problems.
This research will focus on constructional methods that are used in Taiwan frequently and currently to evaluate land resources’ heavy metal remedying results. Also, this report will compare different prices between various remedying machines. In the evaluation, different areas and different remediation targets of pollution scenes need to do “dilution-remediation”, and the total expenses of “dilution-remediation” will affect by various remedying machines and executed working dates. However, most environmental protection units are based on the prices that issued by EPA and do not concern about the pollution scenes’ conditions. As a result, this report will provide an experimental equation that offers estimated budgets of land resources remedying sequel and estimated results of expected remediation. This experimental equation is calculated by the remedying machines’ operation hours per hectare that based on the conditions of pollution scenes, the sizes of the pollution areas, the depth of remedying planning, the decreasing percentage of expected remediation, and the working hours of remedying machines. Then, the statistics from this equation is expected to show the expected target of pollution scenes and the expected costs of remedying machines. Therefore, this experimental equation is expected to provide a reliable evaluation on the cost of anticipated remedying target with remedying machines.
The statistics from the remedying machines’ working dates and the pollution percentage before and after remediation shows that the 206 research areas, including Changhua County, Taichung County, and Tainan County, have a great deal of improvement and do not need to become the expected remedying target. As a result, the statistics integrates into an experimental equation.
This equation shows on the following:
Expected budget per hectare (y)=Y2=(288.06–166.16X1+1.63X2+1.38X3)2
X1: Area (per hectare)
X2: The depth of remedying (cm)
X3: The effectives of remedying (%)
y=Y2: expected budget dollar (dollar/per hectare) |
