| 摘要: | 政府提倡再生能源，太陽光電系統便是其中一種資源，因不會產生環境污染及輻射問題，中央及地方政府皆鼓勵民間住家及企業廠房裝設屋頂型太陽光電發電系統；但因設置位置都在廠房屋頂屬於高架作業，容易造成作業人員墜落職災。本研究首先採用SWOT方法，針對屋頂型太陽光電系統設置經營業者，預防墜落職災內部的優劣勢及外部的機會和威脅加以詳細分析。接著配合層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP），將墜落因子簡化成要素層級系統，對企業內部經理人員及專案管理人員進行墜落致災因素問卷調查。最後進行實地現場工地觀察，深入勘查了解安全措施及作業情形。研究結果顯示企業應妥善運用內部優勢和改善減少內部劣勢，並爭取利用外部機會與迴避去除外部威脅。經理人員較注重屋頂作業環境安全，如採光罩、屋頂腐蝕等；而專案管理人員較注重作業人員安全行為，如未配戴安全護具、未遵守安全規定等；兩者對墜落致災因子認知有差異，故應訂定安全作業流程，使作業程序有一致性標準，避免管理衝突。現場觀察也發現人員管理和環境設施，皆有相當的改善空間。本研究彙整提出屋頂型太陽光電系統設置作業流程及安全作業指引，使屋頂作業主管及作業人員有遵循依據，得以安全的作業，且有效地提供現場作業管理者採取對應的墜落災害預防對策。
Amoung all the renewable energy types that the government is promoting, solar photovoltaic(PV) system is one of the most important technologies since it generates electricity without producing environmental pollution and radiation problems. Both central and local governments are encouraging residential and commercial buildings to install rooftop solar photovoltaic system. However, rooftop installation is likely to cause a fall hazard, resulting injuries and deaths.In this study, we firstly use the SWOT analysis to inspect the advantages and disadvantages of the fall protection, and the external opportunities and threats to rooftop solar PV system owners. Second, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the causes of falls from height are simplified into the factor hierarchy system, and conduct surveys of middle-level managers and project managers to examine the reasons of hazards. Finally, we perform on-site inspection to investigate rooftop safety procedures and working conditions.The results show that companies should make proper use of internal advantages and reduce internal disadvantages, and strive to use external opportunities and prevention to remove external threats. Middle-level managers are more concerned about the rooftop operating environment, such as skylights, and roof corrosion, while project managers pay more attention to safety behavior of workers, such as lacking personal protective equipment, or not comply with safety regulations. Due to these discrepancies in their concept of the causes of falling, safe operating procedures should be established in order to have a consistent standard and avoid management conflicts. On-site inspection also reveals that there is considerable room for improvement in worker management and fall protection. This study summarizes the installation procedures and operational safety guidelines for rooftop solar photovoltaic systems, provides safety guidelines for rooftop workers and supervisors to follow, and effectively provides on-site operations managers to take the corresponding fall protection. |
