| 摘要: | 在軍隊作戰中後勤補給為不可或缺的一環，有良好的後勤補給可以給予軍隊穩定的環境以防範各種情況發生，其中後勤廠庫負有安全管理與設施維護的責任。而國軍自2011年開始實施「精粹案」，陸續推行一連串組織精簡變革方案，組織及人員分階段裁測、精簡，並從原『徵兵制』推展成『募徵兵併行制』進而朝向『全募兵制』的方向邁進，在總工作量沒有減少的情況下，後勤部隊所面臨的課題是人員精簡、平均工作量增加、工作壓力變大、工作成效受到影響，進而導致組織的總效能降低。為了解決這些未來有可能會面對的問題，我們聯想到安全文化的概念，安全文化是組織文化概念之延伸，並體認到任何事故的發生都可以追溯到安全文化的缺失，並且於2000年Cooper提出安全文化是組織的次文化，將會影響組織成員態度與行為的思維觀念，並與組織安全績效有相關性，因此唯有建立良好的安全文化，才能有效降低事故的發生並提升工作績效。本研究根據王振華博士與劉育榕博士於2012年所提出之「全方位安全文化模式」進行探討，其文獻中將安全文化訂定18個安全向度，本研究以這18個安全向度提出安全文化現況評估問卷。同時，藉由焦點團體座談方式，我們尋求不同背景(民間及軍方)之工安人員對於問卷初稿的意見或建議，以作為修訂本研究問卷之參考，對問卷內容進行修改與篩選，最後對國軍北部地區某後勤部隊做為問卷訪談對象，深入探討該後勤部隊安全文化之現況，目的是提升部隊的工作績效。彙整過去研究之安全文化模式及運用TOSHMS之安全衛生管理系統之管理機制及根據文獻回顧的安全文化向度，進而修定出「後勤部隊安全文化方式」。我們從文獻探討的結果分析，得到一個重點，安全文化的建構，必須由4個因素一起完美的配合，分別是環境因素、組織因素、個人因素及心理因素是以通盤性的考量所結合成型，這樣才能建構一個完整的安全文化，進而使組織成員產生共同安全信念、態度、知覺，並且可以降低人員、顧客及他人暴露於危險的可能性。同時，從國軍後勤部隊對於安全文化評定，在階級變項與安全文化向度的分析，可以得知士兵在安全文化的向度方面的不足，提供國軍後勤的安全管理單位，加強這些弟兄的訓練及提供改善之措施。而在安全文化向度分析方面，國軍後勤弟兄在「安全承諾」與「安全行為」的安全文化向度，足以顯見國軍後勤弟兄對於安全的重視及生命的價值觀給予認同。但在「安全規則」、「保健活動」、「全員參與」等安全文化向度方面，認為國軍後勤有待加強改進。即使弟兄的心理認為安全的重要性並表現在行為方面，然而在環境因素與組織因素等不完善因素，加上國軍後勤並無落實PDCA職業安全衛生管理系統，其安全文化有待繼續提升。從分析中，我們得知國軍後勤的弟兄，在心理因素方面，普遍認知安全的重要性並會遵守規定，但在環境、組織及個人因素方面，有繼續改善提升之空間。由數據ANOVA分析得知，「組織與環境因素」與「心理與個人因素」都是影響國軍後勤安全文化變動的因素，且國軍後勤的弟兄反應，在「心理與個人因素」比「組織與環境因素」對安全的重視程度更高，弟兄普遍認為安全是每個人的責任，然而在安全衛生的管理措施方面卻認為國軍不夠完善。由此可見，後勤部隊安全文化的建立，不僅是個人與心理因素，更要從環境、組織因素去全面的探討，才能找出國軍後勤部隊真正的問題，提出改善之方法，減少事故事件的發生，建構後勤部隊安全文化。
Logistics is indispensable for military operations,and fine logistics can prevent any accident druing their combat. Logistics depots are responsible for the safety management and facilities maintenance especially. Therefore, Taiwan military has been through a series of reformation since 2011, as to simplify organization and decline the number of personnel, and from conscription to voluntarism gradually etc. In this situation, service troops are going to have more work and pressure without cutting the amount of work at the same time, and even influence their work efficiency. In order to solve the situation we may have in the future, we require something associate with safety culture. Safety culture is an advanced concept of organization culture, and any kind of accidents are connected with defect of safety culture. Also it was mentioned by Cooper in 2000, safety culture is organization’s subculture, and it will influence member’s attitude and behavior, even related to safety results. As a result, to establish fine safety culture is the only way to reduce the accident and promote work achievement. This research is based on “comprehensive safety culture mode “ proposed in 2012 by Dr. Wang and Dr. Liu, and it is studied by 18 safety direction degree in this document. So we made related questions according to 18 safety direction degree to proceed the research. In the meantime, we acquire workers from different environments (military and civilian)to reply the questions we designed by group discussion, in order to amend the questions precisely for this study. After revising the questions, we choose service troops of north Taiwan military as our study object. Then we will discuss their safety culture of work environment, the purpose is to promote their work achievement.We collect past studies of safety culture mode and apply safety hygiene management system proposed by TOSHMS according to safety culture of this document. We concluded as a “service troops safety culture mode”. After our analysis of this document, the establishment of safety culture is cooperated with 4 key sections, environment,organization, person and mentality. And these four sections need to be concerned comprehensively to build a complete safety culture. As a result, the organization will enhance members’ common faith, attitude and perception, in order to reduce the possibilities of employees, customers who exposed to danger. Furthermore, from the evaluation of service troops of Taiwan military and analysis of rank and safety culture direction, we have a conclusion that soldiers are short in safety in safety culture direction. Hence we can provide suggestions to improve Taiwan military logistics units which are in charge of safety management to improve technical training of soldiers and modification of facilities. From the analysis of “safety promise”and”safety behavior”,Taiwan military logistics soldiers have strongly emphasized on their safety and respect the value of life completely.On the other hand, there is still something to improve by logistics soldiers in”safety rules”,”health care”and”all participate”. Although soldiers agree the importance of safety and behave well, they still have much to do to improve the situation which military logistics should carry out the PDCA safety hygiene management system in an uncomplete environment and organization. In advance, our military logistics soldiers generally agree the importance of safety and obey the regulations in “mentality” section. However, they have much space to improve in “environment”,”organization”and “person” sections. Therefore,”organization and environment”and”mentality and person”are related factors effect Taiwan military logistics safety culture from the number of ANOVA analysis. Moreover, “mentality and person”are more important to safety than “organization and environment” from the reflection of military logistics soldiers. Most soldiers believe that every individual is responsible for the safety, but there is much to improve in management of safety hygiene. Consequently, it is not only person and mentality factors can influence the service troops safety culture, but also does in environment and organization. So we have to discuss deeply to find out key point of the service troops of Taiwan military. Eventually, we can offer better suggestions to reduce the accidents of military environment, in order to build up service troops safety culture. |
