| 摘要: | 臺灣位處亞熱帶與熱帶區域，日照充足，大部分的湖泊、水庫、埤塘、水池只要有極微量的氮、磷營養物質介入水體內，即可能誘發衍生藻類，進而開啟一連串水質惡化問題，本研究探討不同面層之透水性鋪面，以優養化水體進行試驗，以找出最佳負荷水量、最大負荷量、透水鋪面優養化水體削減能力及推估透水鋪面削減能力經驗公式，針對各項目進行實驗。 以不同面層、基層及底層，進行優養化水體試驗，其最佳負荷水量實驗結果排序，由高至低為草地、碎石級配、連鎖磚，整體結果以連鎖磚面層A1出流量60.16±5.21L/day為最差，碎石級配面層以B2出流量266.88±5.69L/day，及植草皮面層以C2出流量295.04±6.41L/day為最佳；最大負荷量結果有機物COD去除速率為164.93~2137.49mg/m2/day、BOD5去除速率為19.97~379.35mg/m2/day、總磷TP去除速率為4.64~179.97 mg/m2/day、總氮TN去除速率為27.26~571.12mg/m2/day、葉綠素Chl-a去除速率為215.62~4650.05μg/m2/day。透水性鋪面優養化水體削減能力使用單一參數TP (μg/L)，TP去除率可達50%，或使用單一參數Chl-a (μg/L)，皆達到貧養狀態。多元迴歸法係將COD、BOD5、TP、NH4-N、TN(去除率%)與壓密土、建築水泥塊及碎石級配HRT-水力停留時間(day)建立相關經驗式，可估算出單層配置及混合層配置之初估削減能力，經非點源汙染降雨逕流及模擬生活汙水試驗結果驗證，COD、BOD5、TP、NH4-N、TN之經驗公式模式之應用性較高。 透水鋪面接與景觀結合，在公園、埤塘邊設置透水鋪面，透水鋪面具有基地保水及汙染削減能力，而基底層以不同材料設計之構造，汙染物削減能力有所不同，預估削減經驗公式可作為日後透水鋪面工程之參考。
Taiwan is located in subtropical and tropical regions which is abundant in sunshine. Most of the lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and pools, as long as there is even very small amount of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in any body of water, growth of algae derivative can be induced. This opens a series of deteriorating water quality problems. This study investigated on various surface layers of permeable paving for cleaning eutrophic water bodies. Experiments were done in order to find the best water loading, the maximum load, the reduction of water eutrophication capability and the empirical formula for prediction of permeable paving efficiency. Different surfaces, grass-roots and the bottoms were tested. The best water load obtained in descending order were from the grass, gravel grading, and brick chain. The chain brick layer, A1, resulted to a flow rate of 60.16 ± 5.21L / day which the worst, the graded gravel surface layer, B2, had a flow rate of 266.88 ± 5.69L / day, while the best grass leather layer, C2, with a flow rate of 295.04 ± 6.41L / day had the highest. Maximum loading resulted to organic COD removal rate of 164.93 ~ 2137.49mg / m2 / day, BOD5 removal rate of 19.97 ~ 379.35mg / m2 / day, total phosphorous (TP) removal rate of 4.64 ~ 179.97 mg / m2 / day, total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of 27.26 ~ 571.12mg / m2 / day, and chlorophyll Chl-a removal rate of 215.62 ~ 4650.05μg / m2 / day. For the ability of permeable paving to reduce eutrophication, TP (μg / L) removal rate reached up to 50%, and for Chl-a (μg / L) removal, all reached the oligotrophic state. For the regression analysis method, the removal percentage of COD, BOD5, TP, NH4-N, and TN, soil compaction, construction of cement blocks, and gravel grading HRT- hydraulic retention time (day) were considered for the establishment of the empirical formula. Empirical formulas for single configuration and mixed layer configuration capacity reductions were verified from tests on non-point sources of pollution, rain runoff and simulated domestic sewage. It showed that COD, BOD5, TP, NH4-N, TN removal rates had great effect on the empirical formula. Permeable paving can be used for landscaping in the parks, and set up on the edge of ponds. At the same time, it has the capability for water conservation and pollution reduction. For various base layers having different material structure and design, the pollution reduction ability is different. Therefore, the empirical formulas produced from this study be used as a reference for future projects involving permeable paving. |
