| 摘要: | 中文摘要透水鋪面在近年都市化的過程中逐漸受到重視，同時也規範在台灣綠色建築九大評估指標中，但相較原始之草地，透水性鋪面仍有改善之空間，因此本研究使用不同透水鋪面之設計，利用連鎖磚、碎石級配及植草一般土壤三種面層，搭配不同基底層配置，設計7個基地保水設施，探討對非點源污染、透水速率、保水量及面層溫度之影響，分析結果後評估整體之效益。基地保水設施透水速率由低至高依序為連鎖磚、碎石級配、草地，整體結果以植草一般土壤C2之8.33 cm/hr最佳、連鎖磚面層A2之0.55 cm/hr結果最差，而碎石級配面層中以B2之7.64 cm/hr為佳。保水量結果連鎖磚以A1的25.02%保水量最佳，A3的13.64%為最差；碎石級配面層以B1的38.66%為最佳，B2的22.82%為最差；植草之一般土壤以C2的37.26%為最佳，C1的20.67%為最差。非點源污染去除結果中總懸浮固體物TSS去除速率為487.2~2596.78 mg/day；有機物之去除中COD去除速率為1324.08~6958.85 mg/day、BOD5去除速率為61.2~271.19 mg/day；總磷TP去除速率為27.6~104.83 mgP/day、PO4-P去除速率為-3.39~41.33 mgP/day；TKN之去除速率為29.28~118.97 mgN/day、總氮TN去除速率為-101.81~115.13 mgN/day。飽含水分之基地保水設施A1與未加入水體之A2、A3相比，平均降溫幅度分別為1.67℃、1.75℃。現今都市化透水鋪面設計往往只著重於面層之設計，忽略基底層保水之重要性，而基地保水設施為不同材料設計之構造，其結果與特性將可做為日後透水鋪面工程參考之依準，提升整體透水鋪面之效益。
英文摘要Water permeable pavements have gradually become a key emphasis in urbanization in recent years, and they are also regulated in the nine green building evaluation indicator system of Taiwan. Nonetheless, compared to lawns, which are of a more primitive type, water permeable pavements require further improvement. Therefore, in this study, three types of water permeable pavement designs (interlocking bricks, graded crushed stone and general lawn soil), were paired with different base layer arrangements to come up with seven base water retention facilities, and their impacts on non-point source pollution, water permeation velocity, water retention quantity, and surface layer temperature were examined. The results were then analyzed and the overall effectiveness was evaluated.The tested base water retention facilities ranked from low to high water permeation velocity are interlocking bricks, graded crushed stone, and lawns. Overall, C2 of general lawn soil (8.33 cm/hr) is the best, while A2 of interlocking brick surface (0.55 cm/hr) is the worst. Among graded crushed stone surface layers, B2 (7.64 cm/hr) is the best. For water retention, A1 (25.02%) of interlocking bricks is the best, while A3 (13.64%) is the worst. Among graded crushed stone surface layers, B1 (38.66%) is the best, while B2 (22.82%) is the worst. For lawn soil, C2 (37.26%) is the best, while C1 (20.67%) is the worst. For non-point source pollution removal, the total suspended solid (TSS) removal rate is 487.2-2596.78 mg/day. For organic compound removal, the removal rate of COD is 1324.08-6958.85 mg/day and of BOD5 is 61.2-271.19 mg/day. The total phosphorus (TP) removal rate is 27.6-104.83 mgP/day, and the removal rate of PO4-P is -3.39~41.33 mgP/day. The removal rate of TKN is 29.28~118.97 mgN/day, and the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate is -101.81~115.13 mgN/day. Comparing to no water added base water retention facilities A2 and A3, the water-saturated base water retention facility A1 is capable of decreasing the temperature in average by 1.67℃ and 1.75℃ respectively.Nowadays, the design of water permeable pavements in cities tends to put the focus on the surface layer; the water retention function of the base layer though important is often neglected. The base layer water retention facility can be designed and built using different materials, and the results and their characteristics presented here are useful for water permeable pavement construction in terms of enhancing their overall effectiveness. |
