| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解基層員警之相關工作壓力。研究目的為：分析不同背景與特性之基層員警在「升遷」、「工作」、「人際關係」與「家庭因素」等壓力的差異情形，並探討工作壓力對於身體健康的影響，根據研究結果，提出相關之建議，以提供有關單位擬定政策之參考。本研究以臺南市政府警察局為研究範圍，以各分局之分駐（派出）所、保安警察大隊、交通警察大隊等之一線三星以下（含比照警佐待遇）之基層員警作為研究對象，其次，依據相關文獻與實務經驗提出「基層員警工作壓力源、健康量表等問卷」，共發出問卷300份，回收300份，回收率100.0%，有效問卷293份，達97.7%。再以SPSS18.0版電腦統計套裝軟體進行回收問卷的資料分析，包括因素分析、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、LSD多重比較、皮爾遜積差相關分析等統計方法加以處理，本研究的主要發現如下：基層員警之壓力來源，以家庭因素最大，依序為人際關係、升遷、工作。行政警察以家庭因素壓力最大，其次為人際關係；而直屬專業警察則以人際關係壓力最大，其次為家庭因素。不同背景之行政與直屬專業警察基層員警在「年齡」變項中，行政警察以51歲以上壓力最大，直屬專業警察則以41-50歲壓力最大；在「服務年資」變項中，行政警察與直屬專業警察，均以服務6-10年之壓力最大；在「婚姻」變項中行政警察與直屬專業警察，均以離婚（分居）及同居之工作壓力最大；在「最高學歷」變項中發現行政警察，以大學學歷之工作壓力最大，直屬專業警察則以高中職之壓力最大。整體工作壓力，行政警察大於直屬專業警察。基層員警紓解工作壓力的方法，主要以休閒、旅遊及運動為主。為改善基層員警之工作壓力本研究提出以下建議：制定合理的勤務制度、補足各單位之警力、簡化協辦業務、安排紓壓的課程、每年編列定期健康檢查之預算、減少超勤時數、法院判決應符合人民期待。
The study aims to explore the work stress of basic-level police. Fot this purpose, the effects on the work stress including “promotion”, “work”, “interpersonal relationships” and “family” factors of basic-level police in different working areas, were investigatedand the effects on health were also examined.According to the study result, we could provide relevant recommendations to related units and policy-planned organizations as policy-references. In this study, we focus on the basic-level police of police stations, Special Police Corps and Traffic Police Corps in Tainan City Police Department.Secondly, based on relevant literatures and practical experiences, we designed a questionnaire about work stress and health of the basic-level police. A total of 300 questionnaires were sent out; among which 300 were returned; the return rate is 100%. Excluding invalid ones, the effective ones totaled 293, which is 97.7% of the total amount.We used SPSS PC18.0 statistical software to analyze the data, which include Factor Analysis, Independent Samples T Test, Analysis of Variation, Least Significant Difference and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis.The study gets the following conclusions: The basic-level police’s stress comes mostly from family factor, sequentially by interpersonal relationships, promotion, and work factors. The most stress of all aspects for administration police is family factor, followed by interpersonal relationships; while interpersonal relationships is the most stress of all aspects for specialized police, followed by family factor.In the variable of “age”, administration police older than 51 years old gets the greatest work stress, while specialized police gets the greatest work stress in the range of 41-50 years old. In the variable of “years of service”, administration and specialized police both under the greatest working pressure when serving for 6-10 years. In the variable of “marriage”, administration and specialized police are under the greatest pressure in divorce [to live separate] and cohabitation. In the variable of “highest level of education”, administration police with a college diplomat gets the most work stress, while specialized police does with a senior high school diplomat. At all aspects of work stress, administration police is more stressed than specialized police. The ways to relieve work stress for the basic-level police are recreational activities, travel and sports.The recommendations for the basic-level police to reduce stress: formulating reasonable duty systems, making up a shortage of policemen in every unit, simplifying the co-operations from other public sectors, advocating proper recreational activities, arranging relaxation courses, budgeting for regular health checks annually, reducing working overtime, and the judgments by courts meeting people's expectations. |
