| 摘要: | 隨著經濟發展及人民生活水準不斷提昇，公共衛生品質和個人衛生習慣值得被注意，尤其近年來國內 SARS、腸病毒、禽流感與目前最新之新流感(H1N1)來襲，做好預防性消毒是每人必備認知。本研究利用環檢所公告之檢測方法分析生物體表面與非生物體性物體表面之總菌落數及大腸桿菌群等微生物之污染狀況進行檢測調查進行探討。生物體表面以手部之手掌為研究對象。研究中利用市售肥皂、藥皂，抗菌皂以及自製手工皂(含無機抗菌劑、天然植物萃取液等)進行手部清潔工作，實驗結果顯示，市售肥皂與藥皂在5分鐘時效果並不明顯，隨著時間增加殺菌效果提高，自製四種手工肥皂以添加無患子萃取液肥皂殺菌率最好，能以100％的殺菌率維持40分鐘；經過菌種鑑定結果，手部手掌中細菌主要優勢菌種為雷氏普羅威登斯菌（Providencia rettgeri）、人蒼白桿菌（Ochrobactrum anthropi）、布魯菌屬(Brucella)。在非生物體表面部分，經奈米鋅矽複合抗菌劑進行非生物性物體表面消毒後非生物性物體表面菌落數都明顯下降。
在2.35×10－3mg/㎝2抗菌劑下對細菌殺菌率達96.5%，大腸桿菌群殺菌率為99.6％效果，抗菌劑對大腸桿菌群消毒殺菌效果比細菌佳，以3.76×10－4mg/㎝2抗菌劑分別進行殺菌與抑菌試驗，細菌與大腸桿菌群殺菌率為99.8%和
100%，在抑菌部分細菌與大腸桿菌群抑菌率均達100%，因此，非生物性物體表面持續使用奈米鋅矽複合抗菌劑進行物體表面消毒發現殺菌與抑菌試驗都能達到抗菌要求，非生物體物體表面優勢菌種為腸桿菌（Proteus mirabilis）、歐文菌（Erwinia）、布魯菌屬(Brucella)。
The continuing advances in economic development as well as the rising standards of living had made public health quality and personal health habits a fertile ground for study. In particular, the recent emergences of SARS, enteroviruses, Avian influenza and the newest H1N1influenza pause great risk to one’s health and thus call to mind the importance of implementing preventive disinfection. The present study used the test method published by the Environmental Analysis Laboratory on test samples to determine the total number of colonies of biological carriers and non biological carriers and contamination by microorganisms such as fecal coliform bacteria. The human hand, specifically, the palm, was made as a research subject for biological carriers. Commercially available soaps, medicated soap, antiseptic soap, and handmade soap (containing inorganic antiseptics, natural plant extracts, etc.) were used to clean hands in this study. The results showed that after five minutes of washing, commercially available soap and medicated soap did not have significant effects The soap with soapberry extract had the best bactericidal rate among the four types of homemade soap. It showed 100% bactericidal rate lasting for 40 minutes after washing. The bacteria examination results showed that the main dominant bacteria in palms include Providencia rettgeri, Ochrobactrum anthropi, and Brucella. After nano zinc-silicon composite disinfectants was utilized to disinfect non-biological carriers, the number of colonies significantly diminished.
With 2.35x10-3, the bactericidal rates for non-fecal coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria can reach 96.5% and 99.6%, respectively, and the
IV
bactericidal effect of antiseptics for fecal coliform bacteria is higher than for other types. Antiseptic of 3.76x10-4 mg/cm2 was used for disinfection and bacteriostatis testing.
The results showed that non-fecal coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria were killed at a bactericidal rate of 99.8% and 100%, respectively, and that the bacteriostatis rate reached 100% in both cases. Therefore, non-biological carriers continued using nano zinc-silicone composite antiseptic for disinfection. It was found that both disinfection and bacteriostatis tests meet the requirements of disinfection. The dominant bacteria of non-biological carriers include Proteus mirabilis, Erwinia, and Brucella |
